A bifactor structural model of the Hungarian Pain Catastrophizing Scale and latent classes of a clinical sample.

Pain catastrophizing is an exaggerated cognitive-affective response to actual or anticipated pain, usually measured by the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS). Our study aimed to test the bifactor measurement model of the Hungarian PCS and to identify a catastrophizing risk group with a clinically meaningful cut-off score. The data of 404 chronic spine-related (neck, back and low-back) pain patients (mean age: 58.