Transgenerational inheritance of methylmercury and vitamin A-induced toxicological effects in a Wistar rats environmental-based model.

Mercury (Hg) and vitamin A (VitA) are two environmental factors with potential health impacts, especially during pregnancy and early childhood. Fish and seafood may present elevated levels of methylmercury (MeHg), the major Hg derivative, and VitA. This study aimed to evaluate the transgenerational effects of exposure to MeHg and/or VitA on epigenetic and toxicological parameters in a Wistar rat model.

Increased alpha-synuclein and neuroinflammation in the substantia nigra triggered by systemic inflammation are reversed by targeted inhibition of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE).

The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a protein of the immunoglobulin superfamily capable of regulating inflammation. Considering the role of this receptor in the initiation and establishment of neuroinflammation, and the limited understanding of the function of RAGE in the maintenance of this condition, this study describes the effects of RAGE inhibition in the brain, through an intranasal treatment with the antagonist FPS-ZM1, in an animal model of chronic neuroinflammation induced by acute intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Seventy days after LPS administration (2 mg/kg, i.

Role of toll-like receptor 4 and sex in 6-hydroxydopamine-induced behavioral impairments and neurodegeneration in mice.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons that are associated with motor alterations and non-motor manifestations (such as depression). Neuroinflammation is a process with a critical role in the pathogenesis of PD. In this regard, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a central mediator of immune response in PD.

Intranasal HSP70 administration protects against dopaminergic denervation and modulates neuroinflammatory response in the 6-OHDA rat model.

HSP70 is one of the main molecular chaperones involved in the cellular stress response. Besides its chaperone action, HSP70 also modulates the immune response. Increased susceptibility to toxic insults in intra- and extracellular environments has been associated with insufficient amounts of inducible HSP70 in adult neurons.

Neurological impairment caused by Schistosoma mansoni systemic infection exhibits early features of idiopathic neurodegenerative disease.

Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by trematodes of the Schistosoma genus, affects over 250 million people around the world. This disease has been associated with learning and memory deficits in children, whereas reduced attention levels, impaired work capacity, and cognitive deficits have been observed in adults. Strongly correlated with poverty and lack of basic sanitary conditions, this chronic endemic infection is common in Africa, South America, and parts of Asia and contributes to inhibition of social development and low quality of life in affected areas.

Oral administration of carvacrol/β-cyclodextrin complex protects against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced dopaminergic denervation.

Carvacrol (CARV) presents valuable biological properties such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. However, pharmacological uses of CARV are largely limited due to disadvantages related to solubility, bioavailability, preparation and storage processes. The complexation of monoterpenes with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) increases their stability, solubility and oral bioavailability.

Nuclear RXRα and RXRβ receptors exert distinct and opposite effects on RA-mediated neuroblastoma differentiation.

Retinoic acid (RA) promotes differentiation in multiple neurogenic cell types by promoting gene reprogramming through retinoid receptors and also by inducing cytosolic signaling events. The nuclear RXR receptors are one of the main mediators of RA cellular effects, classically by joining the direct receptors of RA, the nuclear RAR receptors, in RAR/RXR dimers which act as transcription factors. Distinct RXR genes lead to RXRα, RXRβ and RXRγ subtypes, but their specific roles in neuronal differentiation remain unclear.

Systemic Inflammation Changes the Site of RAGE Expression from Endothelial Cells to Neurons in Different Brain Areas.

The receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) is a transmembrane, immunoglobulin-like receptor that interacts with a broad repertoire of extracellular ligands. RAGE belongs to a family of cell adhesion molecules and is considered a key receptor in the inflammation axis and a potential contributor to the neurodegeneration. The present study aimed to investigate the content and cell localization of RAGE in the brain of Wistar rats subjected to systemic inflammation induced by a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg, i.