Monitoring trends in lacrimator exposures using the National Poison Data System: 2000-2021.

Context: Lacrimators are used by individuals for personal defense and by police for crowd control during periods of civil unrest. Increased public awareness about their use has raised concerns about their application and safety.

Objective: To characterize patterns of lacrimator exposures in the United States, we describe temporal trends of calls to poison centers by demographics, substances, medical outcomes, exposure sites, and scenarios.

poisoning: identification of steroidal alkaloids in patient blood and breast milk.

Introduction: The genus is composed of plants containing a diverse set of steroidal alkaloids. plant material has been utilized for centuries as herbal medicines, however the alkaloids have such a low therapeutic index that they are not used in modern medicine. Here we report an incident of inadvertent ingestion of by hikers in Georgia that allowed detection, and in several instances identification of alkaloids from the plant, and correlated their presence within patient blood and breast milk specimens.

Upper Extremity Crotalid Envenomation: A Review of Incidence and Recent Trends in Management of Snakebites.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the recent trends in the management of upper extremity Crotalid envenomation in the state of Georgia, United States.

Methods: A retrospective review of the Georgia Poison Center database looking at the reported snakebites to the upper extremity between 2015 and 2020 was performed. Patient demographics, timing and location of injury, severity of envenomation, treatment, including use of antivenin and surgical intervention, and reported complications related to the use of antivenin was extracted.

Covid-19 and the N95 respirator shortage: Closing the gap.

Due to extreme shortages of personal protective equipment caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, many healthcare workers will be forced to recycle protective masks intended for disposal after a single use. We propose investigating the use of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation to sterilize masks of SARS-CoV-2 for safer reuse.

Identifying Opioid Use Disorder in the Emergency Department: Multi-System Electronic Health Record-Based Computable Phenotype Derivation and Validation Study.

Background: Deploying accurate computable phenotypes in pragmatic trials requires a trade-off between precise and clinically sensical variable selection. In particular, evaluating the medical encounter to assess a pattern leading to clinically significant impairment or distress indicative of disease is a difficult modeling challenge for the emergency department.

Objective: This study aimed to derive and validate an electronic health record-based computable phenotype to identify emergency department patients with opioid use disorder using physician chart review as a reference standard.

Integration of in-hospital cardiac arrest contextual curriculum into a basic life support course: a randomized, controlled simulation study.

Objective: The objective was to compare resuscitation performance on simulated in-hospital cardiac arrests after traditional American Heart Association (AHA) Healthcare Provider Basic Life Support course (TradBLS) versus revised course including in-hospital skills (HospBLS).

Design: This study is a prospective, randomized, controlled curriculum evaluation.

Setting: Johns Hopkins Medicine Simulation Center.

Multiple Fentanyl Overdoses - New Haven, Connecticut, June 23, 2016.

On the evening of June 23, 2016, a white powder advertised as cocaine was purchased off the streets from multiple sources and used by an unknown number of persons in New Haven, Connecticut. During a period of less than 8 hours, 12 patients were brought to the emergency department (ED) at Yale New Haven Hospital, experiencing signs and symptoms consistent with opioid overdose. The route of intoxication was not known, but presumed to be insufflation ("snorting") in most cases.

Influenza A and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus co-infection in rhesus macaques - A model of severe pneumonia.

Background: Influenza results in up to 500,000 deaths annually. Seasonal influenza vaccines have an estimated 60% effectiveness, but provide little or no protection against novel subtypes, and may be less protective in high-risk groups. Neuraminidase inhibitors are recommended for the treatment of severe influenza infection, but are not proven to reduce mortality in severe disease.

The transcriptional coactivators, PGC-1α and β, cooperate to maintain cardiac mitochondrial function during the early stages of insulin resistance.

We previously demonstrated a cardiac mitochondrial biogenic response in insulin resistant mice that requires the nuclear receptor transcription factor PPARα. We hypothesized that the PPARα coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) is necessary for mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin resistant hearts and that this response was adaptive. Mitochondrial phenotype was assessed in insulin resistant mouse models in wild-type (WT) versus PGC-1α deficient (PGC-1α(-/-)) backgrounds.