Advanced renal cell carcinoma management: the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG) and the Latin American Renal Cancer Group (LARCG) consensus update.

Purpose: Renal cell carcinoma is an aggressive disease with a high mortality rate. Management has drastically changed with the new era of immunotherapy, and novel strategies are being developed; however, identifying systemic treatments is still challenging. This paper presents an update of the expert panel consensus from the Latin American Cooperative Oncology Group and the Latin American Renal Cancer Group on advanced renal cell carcinoma management in Brazil.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Review of Targeted and Immune Therapies.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common cancer globally and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite the established efficacy of screening programs for at-risk individuals, most patients are diagnosed at later stages of disease, wherein the tumor characteristics or liver disease progressions do not allow for curative interventions. Many cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents have been tested in patients with advanced disease with disappointing outcomes and poor tolerance; therefore, no standard systemic therapy emerged until the approval of sorafenib in 2006.

Impressive response to immunotherapy in a metastatic gastric cancer patient: could somatic copy number alterations help patient selection?

Background: Metastatic gastric cancer (GC) is an incurable and aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Immunotherapy is an attractive approach for treating patients with cancer, and studies using immunotherapy have shown promising results in melanoma, kidney and non-small cell lung cancers, among others.

Case Presentation: We present a case of a 50-year-old woman with metastatic GC whose cancer had progressed after first-line chemotherapy and who received pembrolizumab as an experimental treatment.

Perioperative chemotherapy with and without high-dose methotrexate in adult osteosarcoma.

Treatment of adult osteosarcoma (AOS) includes perioperative chemotherapy and surgery. Standard chemotherapy consists of cisplatin (CP) and doxorubicin (DOX). Although considered the standard of care for pediatric patients, high-dose methotrexate (HDM) remains controversial in adults.

Plasmacytoid urothelial carcinoma: a case of histological variant of urinary bladder cancer with aggressive behavior.

Plasmocytoid variant urothelial carcinoma (PVUC) of the urinary bladder is a rare histological variant of transitional cell carcinoma. Data regarding PVUC shows that this neoplasia presents a distinctive clinical outcome represented by aggressive behavior and poor survival rate. The authors report a case of a 57-year-old male patient with a 3-month history of hematuria and pelvic pain.