Transient glycan-shield reduction induces CD4-binding site broadly neutralizing antibodies in SHIV-infected macaques.

Unlabelled: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) targeting the HIV-1 CD4-binding site (CD4bs) occur infrequently in macaques and humans and have not been reproducibly elicited in any outbred animal model. To address this challenge, we first isolated RHA10, an infection-induced rhesus bNAb with 51% breadth. The cryo-EM structure of RHA10 with HIV-1 envelope (Env) resembled prototypic human CD4bs bNAbs with CDR-H3-dominated binding.

Arteriovenous malformations treated by stereotactic radiosurgery - Review of an Australian single centre's experience.

Linear accelerator (LINAC) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a specialised treatment used for various brain conditions, including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This paper investigates the obliteration rate of AVMs treated by the LINAC-based facility at Prince of Wales Hospital, defines factors influencing obliteration rate, time to obliteration and complications post-SRS. A retrospective audit review of patient notes sourced from electronic medical records was conducted.

Potent and broad HIV-1 neutralization in fusion peptide-primed SHIV-infected macaques.

An antibody-based HIV-1 vaccine will require the induction of potent cross-reactive HIV-1-neutralizing responses. To demonstrate feasibility toward this goal, we combined vaccination targeting the fusion-peptide site of vulnerability with infection by simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV). In four macaques with vaccine-induced neutralizing responses, SHIV infection boosted plasma neutralization to 45%-77% breadth (geometric mean 50% inhibitory dilution [ID] ∼100) on a 208-strain panel.

How changes projected by climate models can inform climate adaptation and marine sanctuary management: A collaborative prototype methodology.

Coral reefs are highly important ecosystems providing habitat for biodiverse marine life and numerous benefits for humans. However they face immense risks from climate change. To date, Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) climate models have aided global discussions on possible policy responses to adapt to change, but tailored climate projections at a useful scale for environmental managers are often prohibitively expensive to produce.

BK Channels Function in Nematocyst Discharge from Vibration-Sensitive Cnidocyte Supporting Cell Complexes of the Sea Anemone .

AbstractIntegrated chemo- and mechanosensory pathways, along with activated calcium influxes, regulate nematocyst discharge from sea anemone tentacles. Discharge from vibration-sensitive Type A cnidocyte supporting cell complexes use calcium-conducting transient receptor potential V4-like channels. Because calcium influxes often couple with calcium-activated, large-conductance potassium (BK) channels, we hypothesized that BK channels function in nematocyst discharge.

Longitudinal evaluation of the cutaneous and rectal microbiota of German shepherd dogs with perianal fistulas undergoing therapy with ciclosporin and ketoconazole.

Background: Perianal fistulas are painful ulcers or sinus tracts that disproportionately affect German shepherd dogs and are proposed as a spontaneous animal model of fistulising Crohn's disease.

Objectives: To characterise the rectal and cutaneous microbiota in German shepherd dogs with perianal fistulas and to investigate longitudinal shifts with lesion resolution during immunomodulatory therapy.

Animals: Eleven German shepherd dogs with perianal fistulas and 15 healthy German shepherd dogs.

Can we develop consensus on long-term follow-up and surveillance of primary shoulder arthroplasty? A study protocol using a real-time Delphi technique among expert clinicians in the UK.

Background: Shoulder arthroplasty incidence is projected to continue its exponential growth and the resultant burden of monitoring patients with shoulder arthroplasty implants creates significant pressure on orthopaedic services. Surveillance offers the opportunity to study implant longevity, detect failing implants and potentially perform revision at lower morbidity and cost. There is a paucity of evidence to support recommendations on long-term follow-up in shoulder arthroplasty.

Conquering pressure! The effects of mild-anxiety training on motor performance under pressure during early motor learning.

We conceptually replicated the one previous study (see record 2009-13549-001) revealing that individuals who practice a motor skill under psychological pressure (anxiety training-AT) avoid performance deterioration when exposed to higher levels of pressure. We used a >3× larger sample size than the original study and attempted to shed light on mechanisms whereby AT may promote performance under pressure by measuring variables related to three theories of choking under pressure: attentional control theory (ACT), reinvestment theory, and the biopsychosocial model (BPSM) of challenge and threat. Eighty-four participants practiced 300 golf putts over 2 days with mild psychological pressure manipulations (AT group) or no pressure manipulations (control group).

Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Insights into 2-Ethylhexyl Laurate: A Remarkable Bioester.

Commercial (protiated) samples of the "green" and biodegradable bioester 2-ethylhexyl laurate (2-EHL) were mixed with D-2-EHL synthesized by hydrothermal deuteration, with the mixtures demonstrating bulk structuring in small-angle neutron scattering measurements. Analysis in a polymer scattering framework yielded a radius of gyration () of 6.5 Å and a Kuhn length (alternatively described as the persistence length or average segment length) of 11.

Discovery Elbow System arthroplasty polyethylene bearing exchange: outcomes and experience.

Background: The Discovery Elbow System (DES) utilizes a polyethylene bearing within the ulnar component. An exchange bearing requires preoperative freezing and implantation within 2 minutes of freezer removal to allow insertion. We report our outcomes and experience using this technique.

Antibodies targeting the fusion peptide on the HIV envelope provide protection to rhesus macaques against mucosal SHIV challenge.

The fusion peptide (FP) on the HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer can be targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). Here, we evaluated the ability of a human FP-directed bNAb, VRC34.01, along with two vaccine-elicited anti-FP rhesus macaque mAbs, DFPH-a.

Extracellular vesicles-Mediators of opioid use disorder?

Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a growing health emergency in the United States leading to an epidemic of overdose deaths. OUD is recognized as an addictive brain disorder resulting in psychological, cognitive and behavioural dysfunction. These observed clinical dysfunctions are a result of cellular changes that occur in the brain.

Scoping review: Evidence for long-term follow-up and monitoring in shoulder and elbow arthroplasty.

Aims: Long-term follow-up and monitoring of asymptomatic shoulder and elbow arthroplasty remains contentious, with a wide spectrum of non-evidence-based mechanisms used. This scoping review aims to outline related evidence, thereby informing research requirements.

Methods: Studies relevant to shoulder and elbow arthroplasty follow-up, surveillance and time-related failure were included.

Observation of pH-Dependent Residual Structure in the Pmel17 Repeat Domain and the Implication for Its Amyloid Formation.

The varying conformational states of amyloid-forming protein monomers can determine their fibrillation outcome. In this study, we utilize solution NMR and the paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effect to observe monomer properties of the repeat domain (RPT) from a human functional amyloid, premelanosomal protein, Pmel17. After excision from the full-length protein, RPT can self-assemble into amyloid fibrils, functioning as a scaffold for melanin deposition.

Does long-term follow-up and monitoring of primary shoulder arthroplasty identify failing implants requiring revision?

Background: Published scoping review has identified evidence paucity related to long-term follow-up of shoulder arthroplasty. We aim to report effectiveness of elective primary shoulder arthroplasty surveillance in identifying failing implants requiring revision.

Methods: A prospective database recording shoulder arthroplasty and subsequent follow-up surveillance in a shoulder unit was analyzed.

Environmental impact of low-dose methoxyflurane versus nitrous oxide for analgesia: how green is the 'green whistle'?

Background: The NHS has the target of reducing its carbon emission by 80% by 2032. Part of its strategy is using pharmaceuticals with a less harmful impact on the environment. Nitrous oxide is currently used widely within the NHS.

Evidence of natural selection in the mitochondrial-derived peptides humanin and SHLP6.

Mitochondrial-derived peptides are encoded by mitochondrial DNA but have biological activity outside mitochondria. Eight of these are encoded by sequences within the mitochondrial 12S and 16S ribosomal genes: humanin, MOTS-c, and the six SHLP peptides, SHLP1-SHLP6. These peptides have various effects in cell culture and animal models, affecting neuroprotection, insulin sensitivity, and apoptosis, and some are secreted, potentially having extracellular signaling roles.