Quantitative lung morphology: semi-automated measurement of mean linear intercept.

Background: Quantifying morphologic changes is critical to our understanding of the pathophysiology of the lung. Mean linear intercept (MLI) measures are important in the assessment of clinically relevant pathology, such as emphysema. However, qualitative measures are prone to error and bias, while quantitative methods such as mean linear intercept (MLI) are manually time consuming.

Investigation of the biotransformation of melarsoprol by electrochemistry coupled to complementary LC/ESI-MS and LC/ICP-MS analysis.

Melarsoprol is the only currently available drug for treatment of the late stage of African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). Unfortunately, the arsenic-containing drug causes serious side effects, for which the mechanisms have not been elucidated so far. This investigation describes the study of the melarsoprol biotransformation processes by electrochemical (EC) techniques.

In chemico evaluation of skin metabolism: Investigation of eugenol and isoeugenol by electrochemistry coupled to liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.

Skin sensitization is initiated by the modification of proteins located in the skin. After oxidative activation, eugenol and isoeugenol have the potential to modify skin proteins and therefore cause sensitization processes. Despite their known skin sensitizing properties, they are of common use in cosmetic products.

Combination of electrochemistry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for metabolism studies.

During the development of new materials demonstrating biological activity, prediction and identification of reactive intermediates generated in the course of drug metabolism in the human liver is of great importance. We present a rapid and purely instrumental method for the structure elucidation of possible phase I metabolites. With electrochemical (EC) conversion adopting the oxidative function of liver-inherent enzymes and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enabling structure elucidation, comprehensive knowledge on potential metabolites can be gained.

Identification and quantification of potential metabolites of Gd-based contrast agents by electrochemistry/separations/mass spectrometry.

Oxidative and potentially metabolic pathways of the five most frequently used contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on gadolinium (Gd) are examined. The oxidation of gadopentetate (Gd-DTPA) was studied with a focus on electrochemical oxidation coupled to analytical separation methods and mass spectrometric detection. Mass voltammograms generated with online electrochemistry/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EC/ESI-MS) gave a first overview of oxidation products.

Simulation of the oxidative metabolism of diclofenac by electrochemistry/(liquid chromatography/)mass spectrometry.

Diclofenac is a frequently prescribed drug for rheumatic diseases and muscle pain. In rare cases, it may be associated with a severe hepatotoxicity. In literature, it is discussed whether this toxicity is related to the oxidative phase I metabolism, resulting in electrophilic quinone imines, which can subsequently react with nucleophiles present in the liver in form of glutathione or proteins.

Electrochemical oxidation and protein adduct formation of aniline: a liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry study.

Historically, skin sensitization tests are typically based on in vivo animal tests. However, for substances used in cosmetic products, these tests have to be replaced according to the European Commission regulation no. 1223/2009.

Electrochemistry/liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry as a tool in metabolism studies.

Electrochemistry/liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry is a powerful complementary tool for the simulation of the oxidative metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics.