A real-world retrospective analysis of the management of metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer in Ontario, Canada from 2010 - 2018.

Purpose: We sought to quantify mCRPC patient treatment patterns and survival across multiple lines of therapy after prior androgen-receptor-axis-targeted therapy (ARAT) failure.

Methods: Individuals diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2010 and 2018 were identified in the Ontario Cancer Registry (OCR). An algorithm was created to identify patients with mCRPC that was aligned to Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group 3 criteria (PCWG3) and validated with Canadian clinical experts.

Induction of bystander tolerance and immune deviation after Fel d 1 peptide immunotherapy.

Background: Treatment of patients with cat allergy with peptides derived from Fel d 1 (the major cat allergen) ameliorated symptoms of cat allergy in phase 2 clinical trials.

Objective: We sought to demonstrate that the tolerance induced by Fel d 1 peptide immunotherapy can be exploited to reduce allergic responses to a second allergen, ovalbumin (OVA), in mice sensitized dually to OVA and Fel d 1.

Methods: Induction of tolerance to OVA was achieved through simultaneous exposure to both allergens after peptide treatment.

An Update on Lymphocyte Subtypes in Asthma and Airway Disease.

Inflammation is a hallmark of many airway diseases. Improved understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of airway disease will facilitate the transition in our understanding from phenotypes to endotypes, thereby improving our ability to target treatments based on pathophysiologic characteristics. For example, allergic asthma has long been considered to be driven by an allergen-specific T helper 2 response.