Use of the Gene Expression Test Prosigna in Premenopausal Patients with HR+, HER2- Early Breast Cancer: Correlation of the Results with the Proliferation Marker Ki-67.

Introduction: In hormone receptor-positive (ER+/PR+) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) early-stage breast cancer (EBC), gene expression tests such as the Prosigna are increasingly used since classic clinicopathological parameters and the proliferation factor Ki-67 often do not allow a definite therapy decision regarding an adjuvant chemotherapy. While the Prosigna test has been validated for postmenopausal patients, few data are available regarding its use in premenopausal patients. The present study compared the Prosigna test with the Ki-67 index in premenopausal patients.

Formation of Red Elemental Selenium from Seleniferous Oxyanions: Deoxygenation by a Homogeneous Iron Catalyst.

Seleniferous oxyanions are groundwater contaminants from both anthropogenic and natural sources, while pure amorphous selenium nanoparticles have a variety of industrial applications. Biology can achieve the multicomponent 6 e/8 H reduction of selenate to amorphous selenium using multiple metalloenzymes, like selenate and selenite reductase. Inspired by biology, we developed a new homogeneous system that can generate pure elemental selenium with no caustic waste.

Ensemble effects in Cu/Au ultrasmall nanoparticles control the branching point for C1 selectivity during CO electroreduction.

Bimetallic catalysts provide opportunities to overcome scaling laws governing selectivity of CO reduction (COR). Cu/Au nanoparticles show promise for COR, but Au surface segregation on particles with sizes ≥7 nm prevent investigation of surface atom ensembles. Here we employ ultrasmall (2 nm) Cu/Au nanoparticles as catalysts for COR.

Effect of surface ligands on gold nanocatalysts for CO reduction.

Nanoparticle catalysts display optimal mass activity due to their high surface to volume ratio and tunable size and structure. However, control of nanoparticle size requires the presence of surface ligands, which significantly influence catalytic performance. In this work, we investigate the effect of dodecanethiol on the activity, selectivity, and stability of Au nanoparticles for electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction (COR).