Displaced humeral shaft fractures: Assessment of fracture union and complications following dual plate fixation using an anterior approach.

The humeral bone is subject to torsional forces. In case of displaced shaft fractures, internal fixation remains the standard of care. This retrospective two-center study assessed the fracture union rate and complications after dual 3.

Reproducibility of the Mayo and Schatzker classification systems in proximal ulna fractures.

Introduction: A fracture classification system should provide a reliable and reproducible means of communication between different parties. It should be logical and understandable, with few categories to memorize. The aim of this study was to determine the intra- and interobserver reliability of the Schatzker and Mayo classification systems for the assessment of proximal ulna fractures.

Epidemiology of upper limb chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) in the French Motorcycle Federation racers: Results of a national questionnaire-based study.

Upper limb chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) has been described in amateur and professional motorcycle racers, but there is no published data about its prevalence. The purpose of this study was to define the awareness, prevention and prevalence of this syndrome in licensed motorcycle racers in competition in France. Secondary purposes were to determine the functional impact of CECS and post-treatment outcomes.

The phage gene wmk is a candidate for male killing by a bacterial endosymbiont.

Wolbachia are the most widespread maternally-transmitted bacteria in the animal kingdom. Their global spread in arthropods and varied impacts on animal physiology, evolution, and vector control are in part due to parasitic drive systems that enhance the fitness of infected females, the transmitting sex of Wolbachia. Male killing is one common drive mechanism wherein the sons of infected females are selectively killed.

Treatment of distal radius fractures with locking plates: an update.

Internal fixation with volar locking plates has revolutionized the treatment of distal radius fractures. Manufacturers have introduced plate designs that closely follow the anatomy of the distal radius. However, use of volar plates has also led to the emergence of new types of complications.

Prophage WO genes recapitulate and enhance Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility.

The genus Wolbachia is an archetype of maternally inherited intracellular bacteria that infect the germline of numerous invertebrate species worldwide. They can selfishly alter arthropod sex ratios and reproductive strategies to increase the proportion of the infected matriline in the population. The most common reproductive manipulation is cytoplasmic incompatibility, which results in embryonic lethality in crosses between infected males and uninfected females.

Distal radius anatomy applied to the treatment of wrist fractures by plate: a review of recent literature.

Few studies on the anatomy of the radial epiphysis have been published in the past 10 years. However, with the availability of new intra- and extra-medullary implants and the recent rash of avoidable iatrogenic injuries, now is the time for a more detailed description of the metaphyseal-epiphyseal regions in the distal radius. Published studies on distal radius anatomy in recent years have focused on three aspects: distal limit and watershed line, dorsal tubercle, and wrist columns.

Rib cartilage grafting in upper limb surgery: an overview.

Introduction: Used routinely in maxillofacial reconstructive surgery, the chondrocostal graft is also used in hand surgery. The purpose of this overview was to analyze at long follow-up the radiological and histological evolution of this autograft, in the hand and wrist surgery.

Materials And Methods: Since 1992, 144 patients have benefitted from a chondrocostal autograft: 116 osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint, 18 radioscaphoid arthritis, six articular malunions of the distal radius, four kienbock, and four traumatic loss of cartilage of the PIP joint.

The relative importance of DNA methylation and Dnmt2-mediated epigenetic regulation on Wolbachia densities and cytoplasmic incompatibility.

Wolbachia pipientis is a worldwide bacterial parasite of arthropods that infects germline cells and manipulates host reproduction to increase the ratio of infected females, the transmitting sex of the bacteria. The most common reproductive manipulation, cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), is expressed as embryonic death in crosses between infected males and uninfected females. Specifically, Wolbachia modify developing sperm in the testes by unknown means to cause a post-fertilization disruption of the sperm chromatin that incapacitates the first mitosis of the embryo.

Plate fixation of distal radius fracture and related complications.

Introduction: Distal radius fractures are common. In cases where surgical treatment is needed, volar plates can be used to obtain stable, long-lasting fixation. The design of these plates has continually improved over the years, but complications remain a problem.

Rib cartilage graft for posttraumatic or degenerative arthritis at wrist level: 10-year results.

Background Posttraumatic arthritides of the radiocarpal joint, secondary to scaphoid nonunion advanced collapse (SNAC), scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC), or Kienböck disease or in cases of intraarticularmalunion of the distal radius, are classically solved by some type of arthrodesis procedure. Osteochondral grafting provides a possible motion-sparing option that can diminish pain in the active patient. Description of Technique A chondrocostal graft harvested from the ninth rib was inserted and fixed with a plate in place of the articular defect in cases of a malunited intra-articular distal radius fracture (7 cases) or to replace the proximal pole of the scaphoid in cases of SNAC or SLAC (18 cases).

Wolbachia: Can we save lives with a great pandemic?

Wolbachia pipientis is the most common bacterial infection in the animal world and wields a vast influence on invertebrate reproduction, sex determination, speciation, and behavior worldwide. These avenues of research have made seminal gains, including the latest use of Wolbachia to alter mosquito populations and a strengthened focus on using anti-Wolbachia therapies against filarial nematode infections. This work is further bolstered by a more refined knowledge of Wolbachia biology spanning mechanisms to relevance.

Luciferase inhibition by a novel naphthoquinone.

The novel naphthoquinone 12,13-dihydro-N-methyl-6,11,13-trioxo-5H-benzo[4,5]cyclohepta[1,2-b]naphthalen-5,12-imine (hereafter called TU100) was created as a potential chemotherapeutic agent. Previous work showed it is an irreversible inhibitor of type I and II topoisomerases that alkylates specific enzyme thiols. While analyzing the effect of TU100 on cancer cells, we discovered it is a potent inhibitor of luciferase derived from both Photinus pyralis (fireflies) and Renilla reniformis (sea pansy).

A user-assisted approach to visualizing multidimensional images.

We present a new technique for fusing together an arbitrary number of aligned images into a single color or intensity image. We approach this fusion problem from the context of Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) and describe an algorithm that preserves the relative distances between pairs of pixel values in the input (vectors of measurements) as perceived differences in a color image. The two main advantages of our approach over existing techniques are that it can incorporate user constraints into the mapping process and allows adaptively compressing or exaggerating features in the input in order to make better use of the output's limited dynamic range.

Anatomical basis for ultrasound-guided regional anaesthesia at the junction of the axilla and the upper arm.

Purpose: Ultrasound (US) has emerged in the field of regional anaesthesia in the past few years, as it allows physicians to simultaneously see the needle, the targeted nerves, and the vessels to avoid. Nevertheless, anatomical knowledge is essential for identifying all of the structures seen on the US screen. US also allows an in vivo approach to the variations of nerves and vessels.

[Articular reconstructions by a costochondral grafting (or osteochondral costal grafting)].

We describe a novel technique of costochondral autografting for the treatment of trapeziometacarpal arthritis, radioscaphoid osteoarthritis, malunion of the distal end of the radius, and osteoarticular loss of the MP joints of long fingers. The costal graft harvest technique is always the same. A 5-cm horizontal incision is made over the 9th rib, and the rib is exposed at the osteocartilaginous junction.