Prednisolone pharmacokinetics in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy.

Background: It is unknown if glucocorticoid malabsorption contributes to the approximate 50% treatment failure rate in dogs with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE).

Objective: To compare pharmacokinetics (PK) of orally administered prednisolone in dogs with PLE vs healthy controls.

Animals: Fourteen dogs with well-characterized PLE and 7 control dogs.

Case report: Androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors in eight cats.

Urine marking, aggression, and other behavioral concerns are common reasons for cat owners to seek veterinary care. Empiric treatment for lower urinary tract disease or primary behavior disorders are commonly pursued, especially in those cases with normal routine laboratory evaluations. Herein, we report the clinicopathologic findings in eight sexually altered cats that were diagnosed with androgen-secreting adrenocortical tumors.

Urine electrolytes do not predict desoxycorticosterone pivalate efficacy in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism.

Objective: To determine if urine electrolyte assessments can be used to monitor the adequacy of mineralocorticoid therapy in dogs with hypoadrenocorticism (HA).

Animals: 29 dogs with naturally occurring glucocorticoid- and mineralocorticoid-deficient HA.

Procedures: Urine sodium and potassium concentrations, sodium-to-potassium ratios, sodium-to-creatinine ratios, and potassium-to-creatinine (K:Cr) ratios were evaluated in dogs with newly diagnosed HA that were treated with desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP).

Clinical utility of an immunoglobulin A-based serological panel for the diagnosis of chronic enteropathy in dogs.

Background: A panel of IgA-based serologic assays might aid in the diagnosis of chronic enteropathy (CE) in dogs, a syndrome encompassing conditions such as food-responsive enteropathy, immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy, and inflammatory bowel disease (also referred to as chronic inflammatory enteropathy). However, it is unclear whether these biomarkers discriminate between CE and other types of primary intestinal disorders.

Objectives: To evaluate a diagnostic panel that measures serum concentrations of IgA directed against OmpC (ACA), canine calprotectin (ACNA), and gliadin-derived peptides (AGA) in dogs with well-characterized intestinal diseases.

Cardiovascular abnormalities in dogs with acute pancreatitis.

Background: The prevalence and clinical importance of cardiac abnormalities in dogs with acute pancreatitis (AP) is unknown.

Animals: Twelve dogs with AP and 60 archived serum samples from dogs with suspected AP.

Methods: Two-phase study.

Relationship between serum magnesium, calcium, and parathyroid concentrations in dogs with abnormally low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and chronic or protein-losing enteropathy.

Background: The relationship between the development of SHPT and ionized magnesium (iMg) concentrations in blood of dogs with chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disease and abnormally low 25(OH)D is undefined.

Objectives: Evaluate relationships between ionized magnesium (iMg), PTH, ionized calcium (iCa), and 25(OH)D in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) with or without protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) and abnormal 25(OH)D. Determine whether dogs with CE or PLE, decreased 25(OH)D and SHPT have differences in iMg, iCa, or 25(OH)D when compared to dogs that do not have SHPT.

Peripheral biomarkers of oxidative stress in dogs with acute pancreatitis.

Background: Oxidative stress is considered a pathomechanism of acute pancreatitis (AP), but no studies have extensively characterized oxidant status in dogs with naturally-occurring AP.

Hypothesis Or Objectives: Evaluate measures of oxidant status in dogs with AP and explore whether these measures correlate with AP severity.

Animals: Fifteen dogs with AP and 9 control dogs.

ATP7A, ATP7B, and RETN genotypes in Labrador Retrievers with and without copper-associated hepatopathy.

Objective: To determine the frequency of previously reported coding variants in the ATP7A, ATP7B, and RETN genes in a US population of Labrador Retrievers and to explore potential associations of these genotypes with pathologic hepatic copper accumulation.

Sample: Archived hepatic specimens from 90 Labrador Retrievers collected between 2013 and 2021.

Procedures: The Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory database was searched to identify archived tissues from Labrador Retrievers that had undergone hepatic histopathologic assessment.

Investigation of the urine cortisol to creatinine ratio for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the urine cortisol-to-creatinine ratio (UCCR) for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism (HA) in dogs and to determine whether the method of urine cortisol measurement affects results.

Animals: 41 dogs with naturally occurring HA and 107 dogs with nonadrenal illness.

Procedures: Urine samples were prospectively collected from dogs undergoing testing for HA.

Localized alopecia and suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in dogs following treatment with difluprednate 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion (Durezol®).

Background: Despite the common use of topical ophthalmic corticosteroids in dogs, detailed reports on systemic and dermatologic adverse effects are limited.

Results: Nine purpose-bred research Beagles were treated with difluprednate 0.05% ophthalmic emulsion in one or both eyes 2-3 times daily.

Evaluation of urine electrolytes for the diagnosis of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.

Background: Most dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (HA) have a mineralocorticoid deficiency, which decreases renal tubular sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion. Limited information is available concerning the clinical value of measuring urine electrolytes to aid in an HA diagnosis.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of urine electrolyte measurements in dogs with HA.

Assessment of iris vasculature abnormalities in dogs with diabetes mellitus.

Objective: To identify and characterize abnormalities of iris vasculature in dogs with diabetes mellitus, compared to clinically normal, age-matched control dogs, by means of anterior segment angiography.

Animals: 10 dogs with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus and 10 age-matched control dogs with no ocular or systemic disease.

Procedures: The day before iris vasculature abnormality (IVA) assessment, all dogs underwent complete physical and ophthalmic examinations and baseline clinicopathologic analyses.

Retrospective study of aldosterone and progesterone secreting adrenal tumors in 10 cats.

Background: Primary hyperaldosteronism caused by adrenal neoplasia has been well described in cats. Multiple corticosteroid abnormalities occur in a subset of affected cats, but characterizations of this syndrome are limited to several case reports.

Objectives: To describe a series of cats with adrenal tumors secreting aldosterone and additional corticosteroids.

Multiple corticosteroid abnormalities in cats with hyperaldosteronism.

Background: The frequency with which multiple corticosteroid abnormalities occur in cats with aldosterone secreting adrenocortical tumors is unknown.

Objectives: To evaluate adrenal-derived corticosteroids in cats in which blood samples were submitted for measure of aldosterone.

Animals: Two hundred ninety-seven cats.

Low-dose desoxycorticosterone pivalate treatment of hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Desoxycorticosterone pivalate (DOCP) is a commonly used mineralocorticoid replacement for dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism (HA), but manufacturer-recommended dosing protocols can be cost-prohibitive. Recent reports also have raised concerns that label dose protocols could be excessive.

Objective: To investigate the relative efficacy and adverse effects of 2 DOCP dosages in dogs with primary glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid deficient HA.

Association between biliary tree manipulation and outcome in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucocele: A multi-institutional retrospective study.

Objective: To determine whether catheterization of the common bile duct (CBD) is associated with outcome in dogs undergoing cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucocele and to determine whether this association is modified by the catheterization method.

Study Design: Multi-institutional retrospective cohort study.

Animals: Dogs (n = 252) that underwent cholecystectomy for gallbladder mucocele.

Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometric analysis of penicillamine for its pharmacokinetic evaluation in dogs.

Copper storage disease occurs in multiple dog breeds and is one of the most common causes of chronic hepatitis in this species. The disease is caused by hereditary defects in copper metabolism in conjunction with high dietary copper levels. The progressive copper accumulation leads to hepatitis, cirrhosis, and eventually death if left untreated.

Metronidazole treatment of acute diarrhea in dogs: A randomized double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Metronidazole is commonly administered to dogs with acute diarrhea, but there is limited evidence to support this practice.

Objective: To investigate the effects of metronidazole administration on dogs with acute nonspecific diarrhea.

Animals: Thirty-one dogs, including 14 test population dogs and 17 controls.

Prevalence, distribution, and risk factors for canine blastomycosis in Michigan, USA.

Blastomycosis is a systemic fungal infection that most commonly affects dogs and humans. The disease is thought to be endemic in southern regions of Michigan, USA, but epidemiologic investigations have not been reported in detail for this state. The primary aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence and distribution of canine blastomycosis cases in Michigan and to identify risk factors for infection.

Hepatic copper and other trace mineral concentrations in dogs with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor in dogs. Abnormalities in hepatic copper, iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations increase risk for HCC development in other species, but trace mineral concentrations have not been evaluated in dogs with HCC.

Objectives: To investigate hepatic trace mineral concentrations in dogs with HCC.

Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate treatment of copper-associated hepatopathy in dogs.

Background: Copper-associated hepatopathy (CAH) is a common cause of liver disease in dogs. Although d-penicillamine can be an effective treatment, some dogs fail treatment or develop adverse effects. Ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) has been used to treat pathologic copper accumulation in other species, but its therapeutic potential for CAH is unknown.

Constrictive Bronchiolitis Obliterans in a Dog.

A 2 yr old, neutered male rottweiler was evaluated for a chronic cough that had acutely worsened. Computed tomographic examination revealed a diffuse alveolar pattern in the right, middle, and left cranial lung lobes. Aerated parenchymal tissue was not observed in the left cranial lung lobe, and both lobes were markedly decreased in volume.