Disinfection By-Products Formation from Chlor()ination of Algal Organic Matter of .

Eutrophication in water reservoirs releases algal organic matter (AOM), which is an important precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs) formed during water treatment. is a microalgae which flourishes under conditions of high light intensity and temperature, thus its prevalence in algal blooms is expected to increase with climate change. However, AOM has not been previously investigated as a DBP precursor.

Programmable Autonomous Water Samplers (PAWS): An inexpensive, adaptable and robust submersible system for time-integrated water sampling in freshwater and marine ecosystems.

Water chemistry conditions in freshwater and marine environments can change rapidly over both space and time. This is especially true in environments that are exposed to anthropogenic impacts such as sedimentation, sewage, runoff and other types of pollution. It is critical in studying these systems that researchers have tools capable of accurately collecting water samples across relevant spatial and temporal scales.

Screening of new adsorbents to remove algal organic matter from aqueous solutions: kinetic analyses and reduction of disinfection by-products formation.

The algal organic matter (AOM) is a problem in water treatment. Although the adsorption process is extensively applied to drinking water treatment, little information is known about the potential of new adsorbents to remove AOM. Herein, this work evaluated the removal of AOM and its main compounds (dissolved organic carbon (DOC), carbohydrate, and protein) by new adsorbents-mesoporous silica (SBA-16), graphene oxide material from citric acid (CA), and sugar (SU), and a composite of CA immobilized on sand (GSC).

Acute toxicity of disinfection by-products from chlorination of algal organic matter to the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis: influence of bromide and quenching agent.

Algal organic matter (AOM) in water reservoirs is a worldwide concern for drinking water treatment; once it is one of the main precursors for disinfection by-products formation (DBPs). In this context, this study investigated the ecotoxicity of DBPs from chlorination of AOM to Ceriodaphnia silvestrii and Daphnia similis (Crustacea, Cladocera). The bioassays evaluated three scenarios, including the AOM extracted from Chlorella sorokiniana, the quenching condition used in the tests, and the DBPs formed after the chlorination of the two test waters with AOM (with and without bromide presence).

Performance of biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration for the treatment of secondary effluent: A pilot-scale study.

In addition to the adsorption capability for organic compounds, granular activated carbon (GAC) can also serve as a good media for the growth of microbial communities in biofilters. Despite its potential, the application of BAC filtration for municipal wastewater treatment has been little addressed in the literature. In this context, this paper aimed to investigate BAC filtration as a post-treatment of anaerobic effluent in pilot scale and its performance in removing organic matter and turbidity.

Implications of COD analysis use in the peracetic acid-based wastewater treatment.

Peracetic acid (PAA) stands out as a safe and environmental-friendly oxidant and disinfectant which has been effectively used in wastewater treatment. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a very popular analysis in wastewater treatment; however, the interference of residual PAA on the COD measurement is still unknown. In this context, this study investigated the implications of applying the COD analysis in PAA-based treatment.

Removal of protozoan (oo)cysts and bacteria during microalgae harvesting: Outcomes from a lab-scale experiment.

The efficiency of microalgae harvesting on the removal of Giardia spp. cysts, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp.

Detection and removal of spp. cysts and spp. oocysts by anaerobic reactors in Brazil.

The discharge of raw wastewater into the environment can be a contamination source of spp. cysts and spp. oocysts.

Optimization of microalgae harvesting by sedimentation induced by high pH.

Microalgae harvesting is a major hurdle for the production of high-value microalgal bioproducts on a large scale. Among harvesting techniques, pH-induced sedimentation stands out as an inexpensive and technically viable method. Nevertheless, there is little information available on the application of this method for microalgae cultivated in wastewater.

Wastewater treatment performance in microbiological removal and (oo)cyst viability assessed comparatively to fluorescence decay.

Municipal wastewater is a source of pathogenic protozoan (oo)cysts and may play a significant role in spreading waterborne diseases. This scenario becomes more critical as treated sewage from municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is discharged into springs, which are often used for water supply, irrigation, recreation and, further downstream, indirect potable reuse, quite common in Brazil. This study aimed to elucidate, regarding microbiological quality, the performance of a full-scale WWTP, consisting of preliminary treatment, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor, activated sludge system and ultraviolet (UV) radiation disinfection.

Nutrient and pathogen removal from anaerobically treated black water by microalgae.

The demand for systems that efficiently and sustainably recover value-added compounds and materials from waste streams is a major challenge. The use of wastewater as a source for recovery of carbon and nutrients is an attractive and sustainable alternative. In this study, anaerobically treated black water was treated in photobioreactors (PBRs) inoculated with Chlorella sorokiniana, and the process was investigated in terms of phosphorus and nitrogen removal, biomass growth, and the removal of pathogens.

Cooking oil-surfactant emulsion in water for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris by sedimentation or flotation.

In this study, a novel harvesting emulsion (HEM) consisting of cooking oil in an aqueous solution of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was tested for the harvesting of a technologically important microalga, Chlorella vulgaris. The influence of HEM dose, biomass and bovine serum albumin (BSA) (model interferer compound) on harvesting efficiency (E) were studied. The HEM E was over 90% at pH 10 (0.

Black water treatment by an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor: a pilot study.

Decentralized sanitary wastewater treatment has become a viable and sustainable alternative, especially for developing countries and small communities. Besides, effluents may present variations in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen values. This study describes the feasibility of using a pilot upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor to treat wastewater with different organic loads (COD), using black water (BW) and sanitary wastewater, in addition to its potential for preserving nutrients for later recovery and/or reuse.

Microalgae harvesting from wastewater by pH modulation and flotation: Assessing and optimizing operational parameters.

Microalgae harvesting is one of the major bottlenecks for the production of high-value microalgal products on a large scale, which encourages investigations of harvesting methods with better cost-benefits. Among these harvesting techniques, flotation stands out as a promising method, however it is still minimally explored when compared to the sedimentation method. In this study, the pH modulation followed by dissolved air flotation (DAF) was tested as a harvesting method for Chlorella sorokiniana cultivated in wastewater.

Neuroactive Steroid -Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulators: Synthesis, SAR, and Pharmacological Activity.

Neuroactive steroids (NASs) play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis is the CNS. We have discovered that one NAS in particular, 24()-hydroxycholesterol (24()-HC), is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of NMDA receptors. Using 24()-HC as a chemical starting point, we have identified other NASs that have good in vitro potency and efficacy.

Removal of spp. cysts and spp. oocysts from anaerobic effluent by dissolved air flotation.

Lab-scale studies were carried out to investigate the efficiency of dissolved air flotation (DAF) for the removal of spp. cysts and spp. oocysts from anaerobic effluent from the pilot UASB reactor.

Interference of model wastewater components with flocculation of Chlorella sorokiniana induced by calcium phosphate precipitates.

Amongst harvesting processes, alkaline flocculation stands out as a technically feasible and low cost method. The interference of model wastewater components with alkaline flocculation of Chlorella sorokiniana (pH 8-12), induced by calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitates, was evaluated. Between the compounds tested, inorganic nitrogen, sodium alginate, salinity and algal organic matter had no effect on flocculation efficiency (FE).

Performance of a small-scale wastewater treatment plant for removal of pathogenic protozoa (oo)cysts and indicator microorganisms.

The protozoa and are associated with numerous outbreaks of waterborne diseases worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the concentration of spp. cysts, spp.

Removal of iron ore slimes from a highly turbid water by DAF.

This paper addresses Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) process variables, such as the flocculation parameters and the recycle water addition, as well as the pretreatment chemical variables (coagulation conditions), to determine the optimal values for the flotation of iron ore slimes found in a highly turbid water sample from the Gualaxo do Norte River, a tributary of the Doce River Basin in Minas Gerais, Brazil. This work was conducted using a flotatest batch laboratory-scale device to evaluate the effectiveness of DAF for cleaning the water polluted by the Samarco tailings dam leakage and determine the ability of DAF to reduce the water turbidity from 358 NTU to values below 100 NTU, aiming to comply with current legislation. The results showed that the four types of tested coagulants (PAC, ferric chloride, Tanfloc SG and Tanfloc SL) provided adequate conditions for coagulation, flocculation and flotation (in the range of 90-99.

1,2,4-Triazolsulfone: A novel isosteric replacement of acylsulfonamides in the context of Na1.7 inhibition.

Recently, the identification of several classes of aryl sulfonamides and acyl sulfonamides that potently inhibit Na1.7 and demonstrate high levels of selectivity over other Na isoforms have been reported. The fully ionizable nature of these inhibitors has been shown to be an important part of the pharmacophore for the observed potency and isoform selectivity.

Breakthroughs in neuroactive steroid drug discovery.

Endogenous and synthetic neuroactive steroids (NASs) or neurosteroids are effective modulators of multiple signaling pathways including receptors for the γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABA) and glutamate, in particular N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA). These receptors are the major inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system (CNS), and there is growing evidence suggesting that dysregulation of neurosteroid production plays a role in numerous neurological disorders. The significant unmet medical need for treatment of CNS disorders has increased the interest for these types of compounds.

Discovery of a biarylamide series of potent, state-dependent Na1.7 inhibitors.

The Na1.7 ion channel has garnered considerable attention as a target for the treatment of pain. Herein we detail the discovery and structure-activity relationships of a novel series of biaryl amides.

The discovery of benzoxazine sulfonamide inhibitors of Na1.7: Tools that bridge efficacy and target engagement.

The voltage-gated sodium channel Na1.7 has received much attention from the scientific community due to compelling human genetic data linking gain- and loss-of-function mutations to pain phenotypes. Despite this genetic validation of Na1.

Correction to "Sulfonamides as Selective Na1.7 Inhibitors: Optimizing Potency and Pharmacokinetics to Enable Target Engagement".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00243.