Alterations in vasomotor systems and mechanics of resistance-sized mesenteric arteries from SHR and WKY male rats following in vivo testosterone manipulation.

Background: Testosterone (T) and the sympathetic nervous system each contribute to the pathology of hypertension. Altered blood vessel reactivity is also associated with the pathology of high blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of T manipulation in the regulation of resistance-sized blood vessel reactivity.

Testosterone increases myogenic reactivity of second-order mesenteric arteries in both defective and normal androgen receptor adult male rats.

Background: Testosterone (T) and the androgen receptor (AR) are involved in mechanisms associated with hypertension and vessel reactivity.

Objective: To investigate T and the AR on blood vessel reactivity, testicular feminized male (TFM; AR deficient males) and normal androgen receptor (NAR) male rats were used. Therefore, if the functional AR is necessary for plasma T to regulate vessel responsiveness, TFM males will exhibit altered vessel function compared to NAR males.

Colony social stress differentially alters blood pressure and resistance-sized mesenteric artery reactivity in SHR/y and WKY male rats.

Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity, testosterone, and spontaneously hypertensive rat Y chromosome (SHR Yc) play a role in a genetic model of hypertension. Male rats with the SHR Yc and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) autosomes (denoted SHR/y) exhibit these characteristics when compared to rats with the WKY Yc and WKY autosomes (denoted WKY). We hypothesized that chronic social stress will increase blood pressure and SNS activity more in SHR/y males compared to WKY males, resulting in increased myogenic reactivity along with decreased vasoconstriction of small mesenteric arteries.

Regulation of multiple renin-angiotensin system genes by Sry.

Background And Objective: We demonstrated that the Sry gene complex on the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) Y chromosome is a candidate locus for hypertension that accounts for the SHR Y chromosome blood pressure effect. All rat strains examined to date share six Sry loci, and a seventh Sry locus (Sry3) appears to be unique to SHR male rats. Previously, we showed that Sry1 increased activity of the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter in transfected PC12 cells, and Sry1 delivered to adrenal gland of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats increased blood pressure and sympathetic nervous system activity.

Genomic and expression analysis of multiple Sry loci from a single Rattus norvegicus Y chromosome.

Background: Sry is a gene known to be essential for testis determination but is also transcribed in adult male tissues. The laboratory rat, Rattus norvegicus, has multiple Y chromosome copies of Sry while most mammals have only a single copy. DNA sequence comparisons with other rodents with multiple Sry copies are inconsistent in divergence patterns and functionality of the multiple copies.

Synthesis from caffeine of a mixed N-heterocyclic carbene-silver acetate complex active against resistant respiratory pathogens.

The bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) (NHC) silver complex, 3, with a methyl carbonate anion was formed from the reaction of the iodide salt of methylated caffeine, 1, with silver (I) oxide in methanol. Attempts to crystallize this complex from a mixture of common alcohols and ethyl acetate led to the formation of an NHC-silver acetate complex, 4. The more direct synthesis of 4 was accomplished by the in-situ deprotonation of 1 by silver acetate in methanol.

Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase gene transcription by Sry.

Testes determining factor Sry is encoded by the Sry locus on the Y chromosome and may be involved in the regulation of blood pressure. Here we tested the hypothesis that Sry regulates transcription of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines. Sry was found to be expressed in catecholaminergic regions, in male but not female rats.