Outcomes after implementing restrictive blood transfusion criteria in extremely premature infants.

Objective: To assess mortality and morbidities in very low birthweight (VLBW) infants before and after changing to a restrictive blood transfusion guideline (RTG).

Study Design: This is a large retrospective study comparing outcomes of a liberal transfusion guideline (LTG) and RTG in VLBW infants admitted to a large single neonatal intensive care unit. Blood and platelet transfusion details, mortality, and diagnoses of frequently diagnosed morbidities were collected for each infant.

Effects of prenatal ethanol exposure and sex on the arginine vasopressin response to hemorrhage in the rat.

AVP synthesis, storage, and osmotically stimulated release are reduced in young adult rats exposed prenatally to ethanol (PE). Whether the reduced release of AVP to the osmotic stimulus is due to impairment of the vasopressin system or specifically to an osmoreceptor-mediated release is not known. The present experiments were done, therefore, to determine whether a hemorrhage-induced AVP response would also be diminished in PE-exposed rats.

Actinomyces species and cerclage placement in neonatal sepsis: a case report.

A 26-year-old female with a history of preterm labor and cerclage placement presented at 29 weeks gestation. Twin girls were delivered at 2917 weeks. Twin A presented with clinical sepsis at birth.

Prenatal exposure to ethanol causes partial diabetes insipidus in adult rats.

Chronic consumption of ethanol in adult rats and humans leads to reduced AVP-producing neurons, and prenatal ethanol (PE) exposure has been reported to cause changes in the morphology of AVP-producing cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of young rats. The present studies further characterize the effects of PE exposure on AVP in the young adult rat, its hypothalamic synthesis, pituitary storage, and osmotically stimulated release. Pregnant rats were fed a liquid diet with 35% of the calories from ethanol or a control liquid diet for days 7-22 of pregnancy.

Reestablishing public health and land use planning to protect public water supplies.

Objectives: This study measured the extent to which land use, design, and engineering practices could reduce contamination of major public water supplies.

Methods: Key parcels of land were identified in New Jersey, and the potential uncontrolled loading of contaminants was estimated with the US Environmental Protection Agency's Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment model for a variety of land use, design, and engineering scenarios.

Results: High-density per-acre development and engineering controls, along with housing and light commercial activity near main railroads, would substantially reduce runoff.