Therapeutic challenges in small cell carcinoma of the larynx.

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNC) of the larynx is a rare subtype of laryngeal cancer, accounting for less than 1% of all laryngeal tumours. It most commonly affects smokers in their fifth to sixth decade of life and is characterised by a high incidence of advanced disease at presentation and an aggressive clinical course. Here we present a case of SCNC of the larynx, presenting initially with dysphonia, and an associated literature review collating current knowledge regarding therapeutic approaches.

Primary pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma presenting as a solitary skull mass.

Pulmonary enteric adenocarcinoma (PEAC) is a rare, aggressive variant of lung adenocarcinoma with early metastatic potential. We present the case of a male smoker in his 50s who presented with right-sided numbness, pain and headache. Imaging revealed a destructive skull base mass invading the right sphenoid sinus.

Extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type, with retrobulbar extraconal phlegmon and naso-oral fistula.

Extranodal natural killer (NK-)/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKL), is a rare disease that often mimics rheumatological and infectious conditions and can therefore be difficult to diagnose. The authors present a case of a 55-year-old Vietnamese woman who was misdiagnosed with severe atrophic rhinitis and chronic sinus osteitis. Over a period of 8 months from initial referral, she underwent multiple biopsies and was treated with various antimicrobial regimens until the histopathological diagnosis of ENKL was finally made.

Laryngeal Cryptococcosis Associated With Inhaled Corticosteroid Use: Case Reports and Literature Review.

Laryngeal cryptococcosis is a rare clinical entity. There have been a limited number of case reports in the literature with no consensus regarding optimal management. This review contributes two additional case reports of immunocompetent patients with cryptococcal infection of the larynx in whom exposure to high doses of inhaled corticosteroids is proposed as a significant risk factor.

Safety and effectiveness of endovascular embolization or stent-graft reconstruction for treatment of acute carotid blowout syndrome in patients with head and neck cancer: Case series and systematic review of observational studies.

Background: Indications for treatment and outcomes after endovascular management of carotid blowout syndrome for patients with head and neck cancer are not well defined. We investigated the safety and effectiveness of endovascular embolization and stent-graft reconstruction.

Methods: A literature review was performed for studies published between 2001 and 2015 with relevance to treatment outcomes.

Outcomes After Cochlear Implantation in the Very Elderly.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes after cochlear implantation (CI) in the elderly population, with a particular emphasis on perioperative complications, dizziness, and speech perception outcomes.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study of elderly cochlear implant patients.

Setting: Tertiary referral center (Cochlear Implant Clinic, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Melbourne).