Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptom clusters differentially predict prenatal health behaviors in pregnant women.

Objective: To date, most investigations of mental health in pregnant women have focused on depression or substance use. This study aimed to (a) delineate the relationships between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and prenatal health behaviors and (b) explore whether the symptom clusters of ADHD differentially predict prenatal health behaviors (e.g.

Coping styles used by sexual minority men who experience intimate partner violence.

Aims And Objectives: This study examined the coping styles used by sexual minority men who have experienced intimate partner violence, including sexual, emotional and physical victimisation, as well as physical injury.

Background: Although sexual minority men experience intimate partner violence at least as often as do heterosexuals, there is currently limited knowledge of intimate partner violence in this community or resources for sexual minority men who experience intimate partner violence.

Design: Cross-sectional design.

Structural equation modeling of the effects of racism, LGBTQ discrimination, and internalized oppression on illicit drug use in LGBTQ people of color.

Background: Experiences with lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) discrimination and racism have both been associated with mental health problems and illicit drug use. However, the cumulative effects of both forms of discrimination--and resulting internalized oppression--on illicit drug use in LGBTQ people of color (POC) has not been examined in the research literature.

Methods: Using online questionnaires, this study collected self-report data from 200 LGBTQ POC about their experiences with racism, LGBTQ discrimination, internalized racism, internalized LGBTQ discrimination, and illicit drug use.

Non-medical use of prescription drugs and HIV risk behaviour in transgender women in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States.

Male-to-female transgender women (TGW) experience high rates of substance use and HIV. A recent substance use trend is the use of prescription medication without a doctor's consent. No research to date has examined the associations between this non-medical use of prescription drugs and HIV risk behaviour in TGW.

Rape and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Examining the Mediating Role of Explicit Sex-Power Beliefs for Men Versus Women.

Many rape survivors exhibit symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and recent literature suggests survivors' beliefs about sex and control may affect PTSD symptoms. The present study examined beliefs about sex and power as potential mediators of the relationship between rape and PTSD symptoms for men versus women. Participants ( N = 782) reported lifetime history of rape, current PTSD symptoms, and beliefs about sex and power.

The Use of the Internet to Meet Sexual Partners: A Comparison of Non-Heterosexually-Identified Men with Heterosexually-Identified Men and Women.

In 2008, we conducted online interviews with 65 self-identified adult heterosexual men and women and gay/bisexual men to explore perceptions and experiences with meeting people online. Reasons for meeting people online, desired partner characteristics, and the process of connecting for sex paralleled those observed in real-life; but the Internet allowed people to identify more partners and specific partner characteristics. "Background checks" of online partners, even though often believed to be false, increased familiarity and trust leading to reduced perceived need for condom use.

Alcohol mixed with energy drinks are robustly associated with patterns of problematic alcohol consumption among young adult college students.

Background: Young adults are a population at great risk for problematic health behaviors. Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AmED) consumption is a relatively popular health risk behavior among young adults. AmED consumption continues to illustrate negative outcomes in the research literature, having been linked with other substance use, high-risk sexual behavior, and sexual victimization.

Use of the Internet to Meet Sexual Partners, Sexual Risk Behavior, and Mental Health in Transgender Adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine the use of the internet to meet sexual partners among transgender individuals and examine correlates of this use, including sexual risk behavior, discrimination experiences, and mental health. A sample of 166 transgender adults (112 male-to-female transgender women and 54 female-to-male transgender men) were recruited in community venues and anonymously completed measures assessing these variables. Most participants (64.

Racial/ethnic disparities in mental health over the first 2 years after traumatic brain injury: a model systems study.

Objective: To determine whether racial/ethnic disparities occur in depression, anxiety, and satisfaction with life at 1 and 2 years postdischarge.

Design: A prospective, longitudinal, multicenter study of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) participating in the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems project. Medical, demographic, and outcome data were obtained from the Model Systems database at baseline, as well as 1 and 2 years postdischarge.

Religiosity in the non-medical use of prescription medication in college students.

Background: The non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) is a hazardous health behavior popular among young adults and college students. Past research has documented prevalence rates and risk factors associated with NMUPD, while little research has addressed protective factors.

Objective: The present study examined the associations of religiosity and NMUPD in a sample of college students.

Driving under the influence of prescription drugs used nonmedically: associations in a young adult sample.

Background: Over the past 20 years, there has been a dramatic increase in the nonmedical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD). However, minimal attention has been given to driving under the influence of prescription drugs used nonmedically.

Methods: This study examines attitudes and characteristics that might be associated with driving while engaging in NMUPD.

Evaluation of a group cognitive-behavioral dementia caregiver intervention in Latin America.

Research has identified unique cultural factors contributing to dementia caregiving in Latin America but very few caregiver interventions have been systematically piloted and evaluated in this region. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a group cognitive-behavioral intervention in improving the mental health of dementia caregivers from Cali, Colombia. Sixty-nine caregivers of individuals with dementia were randomly assigned to the cognitive-behavioral intervention or an educational control condition, both spanning 8 weeks.

The Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs and Lifetime Experiences of Sexual Victimization Among College Men.

The non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) has been linked with many negative outcomes in previous studies. Recent literature has begun to examine the role of NMUPD among sexual victimization survivors. The present study examined the associations between NMUPD, recreational drug use, and experiences of sexual victimization among college men.

Connecting health-related quality of life and mental health in dementia caregivers from Colombia, South America.

Research in Caucasian populations has begun to examine the broad associations between physical and mental health in dementia caregivers. However, the examination of this relationship in Latin America is largely absent from the literature despite the fact that the region will see a major increase in dementia cases over the next 20 years. The current study examined the associations between health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and mental health in 90 dementia caregivers from Colombia, South America.

BMI and depressive symptoms: the role of media pressures.

Obese and overweight individuals experience higher risk for depression and emotional distress. One factor that may contribute to depression in obese or overweight individuals is exposure to unrealistic images in the media. Indeed, overall media consumption is associated with body image dissatisfaction in adolescents and young adults.

The use of alcohol mixed with energy drinks and experiences of sexual victimization among male and female college students.

Much research has documented negative associations with the consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED). To date, few research studies have examined the relation between AmED and sexual victimization. Furthermore, research on sexual victimization among men is less studied.

Executive functioning in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: questioning the notion of planning deficits with heart rate reactivity.

This study employed a paired stimulus paradigm to compare phasic changes in heart rate among children (age categories 6-8, 9-10, and 11-12) and adults (age categories 18-19 and 20-22) with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and age-matched controls. A sample of 95 participants (19 ADHD-diagnosed children, 34 controls, 20 ADHD-diagnosed adults, and 22 controls) solved a planning task, the Tower of London, through 4 levels of difficulty. It was hypothesized that groups with ADHD would show greater heart rate acceleration and less final deceleration than would controls, and that these heart rate responses would change with age and difficulty level as well.

Sexting, substance use, and sexual risk behavior in young adults.

Purpose: Cell phone use has become more widespread over the past decade. Young adults are frequently early adopters of new technologies, including cell phones. Most previous research examining sexting, the act of sending sexually explicit or suggestive images via text message, has focused on the legal or social consequences of this behavior.

High-risk cocktails and high-risk sex: examining the relation between alcohol mixed with energy drink consumption, sexual behavior, and drug use in college students.

Alcohol mixed with energy drink (AmED) consumption has garnered considerable attention in the literature in recent years. Drinking AmED beverages has been associated with a host of negative outcomes. The present study sought to examine associations between AmED consumption and high-risk sexual behaviors in a sample of young adults.

Safer sex as the bolder choice: testosterone is positively correlated with safer sex behaviorally relevant attitudes in young men.

Introduction: Higher testosterone (T) is tied to risk-taking, especially in financial domains but also in health domains relevant to acquiring sexually transmitted infections (STIs). However, safer sex constructs could themselves carry the possibility of "social risk" due to sexual stigma or embarrassment, or could involve boldness or confidence because they could represent status displays of frequent sexual activity.

Aim: To determine how T and behaviorally relevant attitudes about sexual risk-taking are linked, to better understand biopsychosocial aspects of sexual health related to STIs.