Waist-to-height ratio and body mass index as indicators of cardiovascular risk in youth.

Background: The purpose of this investigation was to determine if waist-to-height ratio (WHTR) or body mass index (BMI) is the better indicator of cardiovascular disease risk in children and adolescents of varying ages.

Methods: Data from children and adolescents (N = 2300) who were part of the 2003-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Chi-square analyses (2 × 2) were used to compare risk levels of WHTR (>0.

Electromyographic (EMG) analysis of quadriceps muscle fatigue in children with cerebral palsy during a sustained isometric contraction.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether changes in surface electromyography (EMG) data during an isometric muscle protocol, in combination with maximal voluntary isometric force, provide information on fatigue occurrence and exercise limitation in children with cerebral palsy. Twelve children with cerebral palsy and 10 age-matched controls completed an assessment of quadriceps muscle fatigue on an isokinetic device with surface EMG measurements, during a sustained isometric contraction at 50% of the maximal voluntary isometric force. The EMG data collected in participants with cerebral palsy suggest that muscle fatigue occurred sooner in children with cerebral palsy relative to the age-matched controls.

Within- and between-day stability of treadmill walking VO2 in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Stability of walking VO2 in children with CP.

Within- and between-day stability in locomotor energy use was quantified in 13 children with hemiplegic CP. During testing, subjects were familiarized with the laboratory environment (Session 1), performed three 5-min level treadmill walks (Trials 1, 2, and 3) at 0.67 m x s-1 (Session 2), and completed a single 5-min walk (Trial 4) at 0.

Within- and between-day stability of treadmill walking VO2 in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy, stability of walking VO2 in children with CP.

Within- and between-day stability in locomotor energy use was quantified in 13 children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (CP). During testing, subjects were familiarized with the laboratory environment (Session 1), performed three 5 min level treadmill walks (Trials 1-3) at 0.67 m*s(-1) (Session 2), and completed a single 5 min walk (Trial 4) at 0.

Comparison of direct and indirect measures of walking energy expenditure in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of the heartrate (HR) version of the energy expenditure index (EEIHR) as a proxy for measurement of walking oxygen consumption (VO2) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Thirteen children (eight males, five females; mean age 11 years 2 months [SD 3 years], age range 6 to 15 years) with hemiplegic CP, participated in this study. The study was conducted over three sessions.

Longitudinal stratification of gait economy in young boys and girls: the locomotion energy and growth study.

The purpose of this study was to determine if the relative ordering of locomotor oxygen consumption ( VO(2)) values remains stable as healthy children age. Beginning at age 6 and ending at age 10, VO(2) during level treadmill walking and running was quantified in 15 boys and 18 girls who were tested on an annual basis. Following 30 min of treadmill accommodation to each exercise mode, subjects walked and ran for 5 min at 1.

Effects of resistance versus aerobic training on coronary artery disease risk factors.

Individuals exhibiting "the metabolic syndrome" have multiple coronary artery disease risk factors, including insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and android obesity. We performed a randomized trial to compare the effects of aerobic and resistance training regimens on coronary risk factors. Twenty-six volunteers who exhibited android obesity and at least one other risk factor for coronary artery disease were randomized to aerobic or resistance training groups.

Prediction of the aerobic demand of walking in children.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a generalized equation to predict VO2 during level treadmill walking in young boys and girls.

Methods: On an annual basis from ages 6 to 10, 23 able-bodied children (14 girls, 9 boys) completed six 5-min walking bouts at speeds ranging from 40.2 to 107.

Longitudinal profiles of oxygen uptake during treadmill walking in able-bodied children: the locomotion energy and growth study.

The purpose of this study was to document age-related changes in walking V(O(2)) in able-bodied boys and girls. Beginning at age 6 and ending at age 10, 23 children (14 girls, 9 boys) performed six 5-min bouts of level treadmill walking at 0.67, 0.