Biomechanical evaluation of three adjunctive methods of orthopedic tension band-wire fixation to augment simulated patella tendon repairs in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of three adjunctive methods of tension band wire fixation (TBWF) on the biomechanical properties, gap formation, and failure mode in simulated canine patella tendon rupture (RPT).

Study Design: Randomized, ex vivo.

Sample Population: Paired hindlimbs from 32 dog cadavers.

Influence of three different closure techniques on leakage pressures and leakage location following partial cystectomies in normal dogs.

Background: Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common neoplasia affecting the canine urinary bladder. Partial cystectomy, when used adjuctively with medical management, has been shown to meaningfully extend medial survival time. Surgical stapling devices have a wide variety of uses and advantages over traditional closure methods and, to date, investigation into their use in canine partial cystectomies has not been documented.

Influence of Kirschner-Wire Insertion Angle on Construct Biomechanics following Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy Fixation in Dogs.

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kirschner wire insertion angle on the biomechanical characteristics following tibial tuberosity osteotomy fixation in dogs.

Study Design:  Twelve pairs of cadaveric tibia were harvested and randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Kirschner wires were placed either transversely (0 degrees) or placed caudodistally (30 degrees) with respect to the tibial tuberosity osteotomy.

Point-of-care viscoelastic coagulation assessment in healthy dogs during the perianesthetic period.

Background: The viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM Vet) is a novel, portable device that provides a global assessment of hemostasis. The study aims were to evaluate serial viscoelastic analysis during the perianesthetic period in healthy dogs and to compare the agreement between two VCM Vet devices. Twenty healthy dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery were enrolled.

Effect of epitendinous suture augmentation to a double Krackow suture pattern for canine gastrocnemius tendon repair.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a double Krackow suture pattern (DK), with and without epitendinous suture augmentation (ES), in a canine gastrocnemius tendon (GT) model.

Sample: Paired GTs from 12 adult dog cadavers and 4 control GT.

Procedures: GTs were assigned to 2 groups (n = 12/group).

Loop modification of the traditional three-loop pulley pattern improves the biomechanical properties and resistance to 3-mm gap formation in a canine common calcanean teno-osseous avulsion model.

Objective: To compare the biomechanical properties and gapping characteristics following loop modification of a 3-loop-pulley (3LP) pattern in an ex vivo canine common calcaneal tendon (CCT) avulsion repair model.

Sample: 56 skeletally mature hindlimbs from 28 canine cadavers.

Procedures: The CCTs were randomized to 1 of 4 experimental groups (n = 14/group) then sharply transected at the teno-osseous junction.

Superficial digital flexor tendon graft augmentation improves the tensile strength and resistance to gap formation following primary gastrocnemius tendon repair in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) graft augmentation on the biomechanical properties and resistance to gap formation in a canine gastrocnemius tendon repair model.

Sample Population: 28 canine cadaveric hind limbs.

Procedures: Respective hindlimbs from each dog were randomized to one of two groups (n = 14/group) using a 3-loop-pulley (3LP) pattern alone or 3LP + SDFT graft augmentation.

Loop diameter of a modified Kessler locking-loop suture affects in vitro tensile strength and gapping characteristics of canine flexor tendon repairs.

Objective: To evaluate effects of loop diameter of a modified Kessler locking-loop (LL) suture on in vitro tensile strength and gapping characteristics of canine flexor tendon repairs.

Sample: 48 cadaveric superficial digital flexor tendons from 24 adult medium- to large-breed dogs.

Procedures: Flexor tendons were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 12/group) and repaired with 2-0 polypropylene in a LL pattern with loops measuring 1, 2, 3, or 4 mm in diameter.

Influence of barbed suture oversew of the transverse staple line during functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis in a canine jejunal enterectomy model.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of barbed suture oversew of the transverse staple line during functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis (FEESA) in dogs.

Study Design: Randomized, experimental, ex vivo.

Animals Or Sample Population: Grossly normal jejunal segments from 14 adult canine cadavers.

Effect of calcanean bone-tunnel orientation for teno-osseous repair in a canine common calcanean tendon avulsion model.

Objective: To determine the influence of bone-tunnel anchoring technique on teno-osseous repair of the common calcanean tendon (CCT) in dogs.

Study Design: Randomized, ex vivo, biomechanical.

Population: Forty-two skeletally mature canine hindlimbs.

Ex vivo biomechanical characteristics and effects on gap formation of using an internal fixation plate to augment primary three-loop pulley repair of canine gastrocnemius tendons.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of using an internal fixation plate to augment primary 3-loop pulley (3LP) repair of canine gastrocnemius tendons (GTs).

Sample: 48 cadaveric GTs from 24 adult dogs.

Procedures: GTs were dissected free from other tissues, transected, and randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 12/group).

Influence of crotch suture augmentation on leakage pressure and leakage location during functional end-to-end stapled anastomoses in dogs.

Objective: To determine the influence of anastomotic crotch suture augmentation on leakage pressures and leakage location following intestinal functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis (FEESA) in dogs.

Study Design: Ex vivo, randomized, experimental.

Sample Population: Chilled jejunal segments from 3 adult dogs.

Effect of knot location on the biomechanical strength and gapping characteristics of ex vivo canine gastrocnemius tenorrhaphy constructs.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of knot location on the biomechanical strength and gapping characteristics of ex vivo canine gastrocnemius tenorrhaphy constructs.

Sample: 36 cadaveric gastrocnemius tendons from 18 adult dogs.

Procedures: Tendons were randomly assigned to 3 groups (12 tendons/group) and sharply transected and repaired by means of a core locking-loop suture with the knot at 1 of 3 locations (exposed on the external surface of the tendon, buried just underneath the external surface of the tendon, or buried internally between the apposed tendon ends).

Investigation of the effects of two-, four-, six- and eight-strand suture repairs on the biomechanical properties of canine gastrocnemius tenorrhaphy constructs.

Objective: To determine the effects of 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-strand suture repairs on the biomechanical properties of canine gastrocnemius tenorrhaphy constructs in an ex vivo model.

Sample: 56 cadaveric gastrocnemius musculotendinous units from 28 adult large-breed dogs.

Procedures: Tendons were randomly assigned to 4 repair groups (2-, 4-, 6- or 8-strand suture technique; n = 14/group).

Influence of preconstructed effector loop location using a barbed unidirectional suture on leakage pressures following canine enterotomy closure.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of preconstructed effector loop location using a barbed unidirectional suture on leakage pressures following canine enterotomy closure.

Study Design: Randomized, experimental, cadaveric.

Animals Or Sample Population: Grossly normal jejunal segments from three canine cadavers.

Ex vivo evaluation of novel core tenorrhaphy patterns in dogs.

Objective: To compare the biomechanical properties and gapping characteristics of four novel tenorrhaphy patterns in a canine flexor tendon model.

Study Design: Ex vivo, randomized, biomechanical study.

Sample Population: Superficial digital flexor tendons of 60 forelimbs (30 dogs).

Evaluation of concurrent perineal hernia in adult male dogs presenting with nontraumatic, acquired inguinal hernias.

A possible association between the development of nontraumatic, acquired inguinal hernias (NAIH) and perineal hernias (PH) has been postulated in adult dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of concurrent diagnosis of PH in dogs presented with NAIH and determine potential risk factors for concurrent PH and NAIH. Medical records of adult male dogs presented for NAIH to 4 hospitals between 2007 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.

Effect of epitendinous suture caliber on the tensile strength of repaired canine flexor tendons.

Objective: To determine the effect of epitendinous suture (ES) caliber on the tensile strength of flexor tendon repairs in cadaveric specimens from dogs.

Sample: 60 cadaveric superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFTs) from 30 skeletally mature dogs.

Procedures: Specimens were randomly assigned to 5 suture caliber groups (n = 12 SDFTs/group).

Biomechanical evaluation of a novel barbed suture pattern with epitendinous suture augmentation in a canine flexor tendon model.

Objective: To determine the effect of a novel barbed suture pattern (NBSP) compared to a three-loop-pulley (3LP) with and without epitendinous suture (ES) augmentation on the biomechanical strength and gap formation of repaired canine tendons.

Study Design: Ex vivo, cadaveric, randomized, experimental study.

Sample Population: Forty, adult superficial digital flexor tendons (SDFT).

Biomechanical analysis of accessory tendon graft augmentation for primary gastrocnemius tendon reconstruction in dogs.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of accessory tendon graft (ATG) augmentation as an adjunct to a core locking-loop (LL) and epitendinous suture (ES) repair in a gastrocnemius tendon (GT) model.

Study Design: Randomized, ex vivo, biomechanical.

Population: Twenty-two canine GT musculotendinous constructs.

Influence of normograde versus retrograde catheterization of bile ducts in dogs treated for gallbladder mucocele.

Objective: To determine the influence of normograde (NG) versus retrograde (RG) catheterization of the cystic duct and common bile duct (CBD) in dogs with gallbladder mucoceles (GBM) treated with open cholecystectomy.

Study Design: Retrospective study.

Animals: Dogs (n = 117) with GBM.

Ex Vivo Biomechanical Assessment of a Novel Multi-Strand Repair of Canine Tendon Lacerations.

Objective:  This study aimed to evaluate the effect of increasing the number of suture strands traversing the transection site, level of suture purchase and depth of suture penetrance on the biomechanical properties of repaired gastrocnemius tendons.

Study Design:  Thirty-eight adult cadaveric gastrocnemius tendons were randomized, transected and repaired with either two-, four- or six-strand locking multi-level repair. Tensile loads required to create a 1 and 3 mm gap, yield, peak and failure loads and failure mode were analysed.

Evaluation of a continuous locking novel epitendinous suture pattern with and without a core locking-loop suture on the biomechanical properties of tenorrhaphy constructs in an ex vivo model of canine superficial digital flexor tendon laceration.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of a continuous locking novel epitendinous suture (nES) pattern with and without a core locking-loop (LL) suture on the biomechanical properties of ex vivo canine superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) tenorrhaphy constructs.

Sample: 54 cadaveric forelimb SDFTs from 27 musculoskeletally normal adult dogs.

Procedures: Tendons were assigned to 3 groups (18 SDFTs/group): sharply transected and repaired with a core LL suture alone (group 1), an nES pattern alone (group 2), or a combination of a core LL suture and nES pattern (group 3).

Evaluation of staple line reinforcement after partial gastrectomy closure in an ex vivo canine model.

Objective: To determine the influence of stapling on leakage pressures after canine partial gastrectomy.

Study Design: Ex vivo study.

Sample Population: Gastric specimens from 24 adult canine cadavers.

Biomechanical properties of canine staphylectomies closed with barbed or smooth suture.

Objective: To compare the duration of closure and biomechanical properties of staphylectomies closed with absorbable bidirectional barbed suture or smooth monofilament suture in a simple continuous or interrupted pattern STUDY DESIGN: Ex vivo study SAMPLE POPULATION: Soft palates (n = 60) harvested from mesaticephalic canine cadavers METHODS: One centimeter of tissue was excised from the caudal border of each soft palate, and the oral and nasopharyngeal mucosal surfaces were apposed with 2-0 bidirectional Quill Monoderm knotless closure device barbed suture (Q), 3-0 Monocryl in a simple continuous (MC) pattern, or 3-0 Monocryl in a simple interrupted (MI) pattern (n = 20 per group). Duration of closure was compared between groups. Tissues were tested under tension to failure, and mode of failure data were collected by video capture.