Expression of Concern to: The α7 nicotine acetylcholine receptor agonist GTS-21 improves bacterial clearance in mice by restoring hyperoxia-compromised macrophage function.

The Editors-in-Chief would like to alert readers that this article (Sitapara et al. 2014) is part of an investigation being conducted by the journal following the conclusions of an institutional enquiry at the University of Liverpool with respect to the quantitative mass spectrometry-generated results regarding acetylated and redox-modified HMGB1.

Expression of Concern to: Diet restriction inhibits apoptosis and HMGB1 oxidation and promotes inflammatory cell recruitment during acetaminophen hepatoxicity.

The Editors-in-Chief would like to alert readers that this article [1] is part of an investigation being conducted by the journal following the conclusions of an institutional enquiry at the University of Liverpool with respect to the quantitative mass spectrometry-generated results regarding acetylated and redox-modified HMGB1.

Paracetamol metabolism, hepatotoxicity, biomarkers and therapeutic interventions: a perspective.

After over 60 years of therapeutic use in the UK, paracetamol (acetaminophen, -acetyl--aminophenol, APAP) remains the subject of considerable research into both its mode of action and toxicity. The pharmacological properties of APAP are the focus of some activity, with the role of the metabolite -arachidonoylaminophenol (AM404) still a topic of debate. However, that the hepatotoxicity of APAP results from the production of the reactive metabolite -acetyl--benzoquinoneimine (NAPQI/NABQI) that can deplete glutathione, react with cellular macromolecules, and initiate cell death, is now beyond dispute.

High Mobility Group Box-1 Drives Fibrosis Progression Signaling via the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products in Mice.

High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) increased in response to liver injury. Because HMGB1 is a ligand for the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE), we hypothesized that induction of HMGB1 could participate in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis though RAGE cell-specific signaling mechanisms. Liver HMGB1 protein expression correlated with fibrosis stage in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC), or alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH).

WITHDRAWN: Reference intervals for putative biomarkers of drug-induced liver injury and liver regeneration in healthy human volunteers.

The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. A replacement will appear as soon as possible in which the reason for the removal of the article will be specified, or the article will be reinstated. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.

Evaluation of plasma microRNA-122, high-mobility group box 1 and keratin-18 concentrations to stratify acute gallstone disease: a pilot observational cohort study in an emergency general surgery unit.

Objective: To obtain pilot data to evaluate the discriminatory power of biomarkers microRNA-122 (miR-122), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), full-length keratin-18 (flk-18) and caspase-cleaved keratin-18 (cck-18) in plasma to identify potential biliary complications that may require acute intervention.

Design: An observational biomarker cohort pilot study.

Setting: In a Scottish University teaching hospital for 12 months beginning on 3 September 2014.

Systems Toxicology Approach to Identifying Paracetamol Overdose.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen (APAP)) is one of the most commonly used analgesics in the United Kingdom and the United States. However, exceeding the maximum recommended dose can cause serious liver injury and even death. Promising APAP toxicity biomarkers are thought to add value to those used currently and clarification of the functional relationships between these biomarkers and liver injury would aid clinical implementation of an improved APAP toxicity identification framework.

Urinary Biomarkers of Aminoglycoside-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Cystic Fibrosis: Kidney Injury Molecule-1 and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin.

Aminoglycosides are commonly used for the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). However, they are potentially nephrotoxic. This prospective observational cohort study aimed to investigate the potential validity of two urinary renal biomarkers, Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) and Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin (NGAL), in identifying aminoglycoside-induced nephrotoxicity in children with CF.