Effects of Water-Based Aerobic Interval Training in Patients With COPD: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL.

Purpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease promotes systemic repercussions, which can be minimized with physical exercise. This study investigated the effects of a water-based aerobic interval training program on the autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR), quality of life (QoL), and functional capacity (FC) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Methods: Nineteen patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were enrolled in this randomized clinical trial and allocated to either the usual care group (n = 9) or training group (n = 10).

Identification and agreement of first turn point by mathematical analysis applied to heart rate, carbon dioxide output and electromyography.

Background: The second heart rate (HR) turn point has been extensively studied, however there are few studies determining the first HR turn point. Also, the use of mathematical and statistical models for determining changes in dynamic characteristics of physiological variables during an incremental cardiopulmonary test has been suggested.

Objectives: To determine the first turn point by analysis of HR, surface electromyography (sEMG), and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) using two mathematical models and to compare the results to those of the visual method.