Quantitative Measurement Technique for Anodic Corrosion of BDD Advanced Oxidation Electrodes.

Electrochemical advanced oxidation (EAO) systems are of significant interest due to their ability to treat a wide range of organic contaminants in water. Boron doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have found considerable use in EAO. Despite their popularity, no laboratory scale method exists to quantify anodic corrosion of BDD electrodes under EAO conditions; all are qualitative using techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, electrochemistry, and spectroscopy.

What Therapeutic Biomarkers in Gastro-Esophageal Junction and Gastric Cancer Should a Pathologist Know About?

Malignancies of upper gastrointestinal tract are aggressive, and most locally advanced unresectable and metastatic cancers are managed by a combination of surgery and neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Current therapeutic recommendations include targeted therapies based on biomarker expression of an individual tumor. All G/gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) cancers should be tested for HER2 status as a reflex test at the time of diagnosis.

Electron Beam Transparent Boron Doped Diamond Electrodes for Combined Electrochemistry-Transmission Electron Microscopy.

The majority of carbon based transmission electron microscopy (TEM) platforms (grids) have a significant sp carbon component. Here, we report a top down fabrication technique for producing freestanding, robust, electron beam transparent and conductive sp carbon substrates from boron doped diamond (BDD) using an ion milling/polishing process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements reveal the sp carbon character and advantageous electrochemical properties of a BDD electrode are retained during the milling process.

Basal cell carcinosarcoma: a report of 4 cases and review of the literature.

Background: To describe the features of 4 cases of basal cell carcinosarcoma and systematically review previously reported cases.

Methods: Four cases of basal cell carcinosarcoma were identified from the practice of the authors. A search of the literature revealed an additional 40 cases, variously described in small series and single case reports.

Hypothalamic input is required for development of normal numbers of thyrotrophs and gonadotrophs, but not other anterior pituitary cells in late gestation sheep.

To evaluate the hypothalamic contribution to the development of anterior pituitary (AP) cells we surgically disconnected the hypothalamus from the pituitary (hypothalamo-pituitary disconnection, HPD) in fetal sheep and collected pituitaries 31 days later. Pituitaries (n = 6 per group) were obtained from fetal sheep (term = 147 +/- 3 days) at 110 days (unoperated group) of gestation and at 141 days from animals that had undergone HPD or sham surgery at 110 days. Cells were identified by labelling pituitary sections with antisera against the six AP hormones.