Treating traumatized children with intellectual disabilities: Tailoring Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behaviour Therapy for a vulnerable population.

Background: Children with intellectual disabilities are at heightened risk for traumatization, though underserved due to silos of care, diagnostic overshadowing, and lack of adapted treatment. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT), an evidence-based childhood trauma therapy, is described with recommended adaptations for use with children who have intellectual disabilities.

Method: We present a suggested theoretical and clinical guide for treating children with mild to moderate intellectual disabilities.

Recent Incarceration, Substance Use, Overdose, and Service Use Among People Who Use Drugs in Rural Communities.

Importance: Drug use and incarceration have a substantial impact on rural communities, but factors associated with the incarceration of rural people who use drugs (PWUD) have not been thoroughly investigated.

Objective: To characterize associations between recent incarceration, overdose, and substance use disorder (SUD) treatment access among rural PWUD.

Design, Setting, And Participants: For this cross-sectional study, the Rural Opioid Initiative research consortium conducted a survey in geographically diverse rural counties with high rates of overdose across 10 US states (Illinois, Wisconsin, North Carolina, Oregon, Kentucky, West Virginia, Ohio, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont) between January 25, 2018, and March 17, 2020, asking PWUD about their substance use, substance use treatment, and interactions with the criminal legal system.

"It wasn't here, and now it is. It's everywhere": fentanyl's rising presence in Oregon's drug supply.

Background: Illicit fentanyl has contributed to a drastic increase in overdose drug deaths. While fentanyl has subsumed the drug supply in the Northeastern and Midwestern USA, it has more recently reached the Western USA. For this study, we explored perspectives of people who use drugs (PWUD) on the changing drug supply in Oregon, experiences of and response to fentanyl-involved overdose, and recommendations from PWUD to reduce overdose risk within the context of illicit fentanyl's dramatic increase in the recreational drug supply over the past decade.

COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Concerns Among People Who Use Drugs in Oregon.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and explore reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among people who use drugs (PWUDs), a population with increased COVID-19 transmission and morbidity.

Methods: We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews with PWUDs in 7 Oregon counties from May 11 to June 25, 2021. Participants (n = 34) were recruited in partnership with syringe service programs and local community organizations staff, participant-referrals, and flyer advertising.

Vasodilator effects of sulforaphane in cerebral circulation: A critical role of endogenously produced hydrogen sulfide and arteriolar smooth muscle K and BK channels in the brain.

We investigated the effects of sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate from cruciferous vegetables, in the regulation of cerebral blood flow using cranial windows in newborn pigs. SFN administered topically (10 µM-1 mM) or systemically (0.4 mg/kg ip) caused immediate and sustained dilation of pial arterioles concomitantly with elevated HS in periarachnoid cortical cerebrospinal fluid.

The Interactive Trauma Scale: A Web-Based Measure for Children with Autism.

This study examined the feasibility, acceptability, and psychometric characteristics of a web-based touchscreen app prototype designed to assess self-reported trauma exposure and symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The prototype was piloted with 20 clinically referred children previously diagnosed with ASD and having various known trauma exposures. User satisfaction and reported ease of use was high.

Extreme oceanographic forcing and coastal response due to the 2015-2016 El Niño.

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation is the dominant mode of interannual climate variability across the Pacific Ocean basin, with influence on the global climate. The two end members of the cycle, El Niño and La Niña, force anomalous oceanographic conditions and coastal response along the Pacific margin, exposing many heavily populated regions to increased coastal flooding and erosion hazards. However, a quantitative record of coastal impacts is spatially limited and temporally restricted to only the most recent events.

Yoga-based Psychotherapy Groups for Boys Exposed to Trauma in Urban Settings.

Background: Children who experience abuse and neglect and are exposed to adverse life events are at risk of developing emotional and behavioral problems. They may display variable internalizing and externalizing symptoms, such as posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and aggression. Yoga may be able to regulate body-brain pathways that cause stress following traumatic experiences, thereby reducing adverse mental and physical sequelae.

MIF inhibits monocytic movement through a non-canonical receptor and disruption of temporal Rho GTPase activities in U-937 cells.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that was initially identified by its ability to inhibit the movement of macrophages. Cell migration is a highly complex process involving changes to the cytoskeleton and cell adhesion molecules, and is regulated by the Rho GTPases. A simple model using human monocytic U-937 cells to elicit the classic MIF response was implemented to examine the mechanism of MIF-induced migration inhibition.

Expression of the chitinase family glycoprotein YKL-40 in undifferentiated, differentiated and trans-differentiated mesenchymal stem cells.

The glycoprotein YKL-40 (CHI3L1) is a secreted chitinase family protein that induces angiogenesis, cell survival, and cell proliferation, and plays roles in tissue remodeling and immune regulation. It is expressed primarily in cells of mesenchymal origin, is overexpressed in numerous aggressive carcinomas and sarcomas, but is rarely expressed in normal ectodermal tissues. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be induced to differentiate into various mesenchymal tissues and trans-differentiate into some non-mesenchymal cell types.