Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma with lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia: an inductive phenomenon or component of the hamartoma?

Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) is a rare cutaneous hamartoma characterized by abundant bundles of mature skeletal muscle fibers admixed with other mesenchymal elements. We report a case of RMH in a 7-month-old girl with associated lentiginous melanocytic hyperplasia. The melanocytic hyperplasia was not apparent clinically and was only evident on histological examination.

Accelerated para-articular osteochondroma formation within the knee: a case report.

Introduction: Intra-articular osteochondroma and acoustic neuroma are rare entities.

Case Presentation: We report the rare occurrence of a para-articular osteochondroma of the knee developing over short duration, 5 months, following minor injury.

Conclusion: Predisposition to heterotrophic ossification after previous neurosurgery and a second acoustic neuroma may have accelerated the growth of this benign tumour.

Optical coherence tomography: real-time imaging of bronchial airways microstructure and detection of inflammatory/neoplastic morphologic changes.

Purpose: Current diagnostic imaging modalities for human bronchial airways do not possess sufficient resolution and tissue penetration depth to detect early morphologic changes and to differentiate in real-time neoplastic pathology from nonspecific aberrations. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) possesses the requisite high spatial resolution for reproducible delineation of endobronchial wall profiling.

Experimental Design: To establish whether OCT could differentiate between the composite microstructural layers of the human airways and simultaneously determine in situ morphologic changes, using a bench-top OCT system, we obtained cross-sectional images of bronchi from 15 patients undergoing lung resections for cancer.

Use of optical coherence tomography in delineating airways microstructure: comparison of OCT images to histopathological sections.

An ideal diagnostic system for the human airways should be able to detect and define early development of premalignant pathological lesions, to facilitate optimal curative treatment and prevent irreversible and/or invasive lung disease. There is great need for exploration of safe, repeatable imaging techniques which can run at real-time and with high spatial resolution. In this study, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was utilized to acquire cross-sectional images of upper and lower airways using fresh pig lung resections as a model system.