Development and large-scale production of human milk fat analog by fermentation of microalgae.

Background: Human milk contains a complex mixture of triacylglycerols (TAG), making it challenging to recreate using common ingredients.

Objective: The study aimed to develop an innovative fermentation technique to produce essential human milk TAG, effectively tackling a significant hurdle in infant nutrition.

Method: An in-depth analysis of the literature has been conducted to identify the specific TAG to be targeted.

An adaptive teosinte introgression modulates phosphatidylcholine levels and is associated with maize flowering time.

Native Americans domesticated maize ( ssp. ) from lowland teosinte ( ssp. in the warm Mexican southwest and brought it to the highlands of Mexico and South America where it was exposed to lower temperatures that imposed strong selection on flowering time.

Selective sorting of ancestral introgression in maize and teosinte along an elevational cline.

While often deleterious, hybridization can also be a key source of genetic variation and pre-adapted haplotypes, enabling rapid evolution and niche expansion. Here we evaluate these opposing selection forces on introgressed ancestry between maize (Zea mays ssp. mays) and its wild teosinte relative, mexicana (Zea mays ssp.

Conserved noncoding sequences provide insights into regulatory sequence and loss of gene expression in maize.

Thousands of species will be sequenced in the next few years; however, understanding how their genomes work, without an unlimited budget, requires both molecular and novel evolutionary approaches. We developed a sensitive sequence alignment pipeline to identify conserved noncoding sequences (CNSs) in the Andropogoneae tribe (multiple crop species descended from a common ancestor ∼18 million years ago). The Andropogoneae share similar physiology while being tremendously genomically diverse, harboring a broad range of ploidy levels, structural variation, and transposons.

Gene regulatory effects of a large chromosomal inversion in highland maize.

Chromosomal inversions play an important role in local adaptation. Inversions can capture multiple locally adaptive functional variants in a linked block by repressing recombination. However, this recombination suppression makes it difficult to identify the genetic mechanisms underlying an inversion's role in adaptation.

Filtering of target sequence capture individuals facilitates species tree construction in the plant subtribe Iochrominae (Solanaceae).

Advances in sequencing technology have made it possible to produce large multi-locus datasets required for species tree analyses. One challenge with constructing high throughput sequencing datasets, however, is that missing information is propagated at different steps in the sequence preparation process. To date, species tree studies have focused on filtering and removing errors that occur at particular loci.

A novel R3 MYB transcriptional repressor associated with the loss of floral pigmentation in Iochroma.

Losses of floral pigmentation represent one of the most common evolutionary transitions in flower color, yet the genetic basis for these changes has been elucidated in only a handful of cases. Here we used crossing studies, bulk-segregant RNA sequencing, phylogenetic analyses and functional tests to identify the gene(s) responsible for the transition to white flowers in Iochroma loxense. Crosses between I.

How to make a domesticate.

The Neolithic Revolution brought about the transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary societies, laying the foundation for the development of modern civilizations. The primary innovation that facilitated these changes was the domestication of plants and animals. In the case of plants, this involved the cultivation and selection of individuals with larger edible parts, easier harvesting, and decreased defenses, traits that allowed for the production of a food surplus and occupational specialization.

Diversification of R2R3-MYB Transcription Factors in the Tomato Family Solanaceae.

MYB transcription factors play an important role in regulating key plant developmental processes involving defense, cell shape, pigmentation, and root formation. Within this gene family, sequences containing an R2R3 MYB domain are the most abundant type and exhibit a wide diversity of functions. In this study, we identify 559 R2R3 MYB genes using whole genome data from four species of Solanaceae and reconstruct their evolutionary relationships.

A prospective study of the incidence of myocarditis/pericarditis and new onset cardiac symptoms following smallpox and influenza vaccination.

Background: Although myocarditis/pericarditis (MP) has been identified as an adverse event following smallpox vaccine (SPX), the prospective incidence of this reaction and new onset cardiac symptoms, including possible subclinical injury, has not been prospectively defined.

Purpose: The study's primary objective was to determine the prospective incidence of new onset cardiac symptoms, clinical and possible subclinical MP in temporal association with immunization.

Methods: New onset cardiac symptoms, clinical MP and cardiac specific troponin T (cTnT) elevations following SPX (above individual baseline values) were measured in a multi-center prospective, active surveillance cohort study of healthy subjects receiving either smallpox vaccine or trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV).

Flowering asynchrony and mating system effects on reproductive assurance and mutualism persistence in fragmented fig-fig wasp populations.

Premise Of The Study: Plants and animals may experience reproductive Allee effects in fragmented populations, and obligate pollination mutualisms may be especially sensitive to extinction risk via this density-dependent process. In this study we examine how a shift from within-crown reproductive synchrony to asynchrony influences reproductive assurance through contributions to selfing and outcrossing in small, spatially isolated populations of Ficus.

Methods: The research focuses on the monoecious fig F.

The relationship between subclinical atherosclerosis and electrocardiographic abnormalities as biomarkers of cardiovascular risk.

Electrocardiographic findings indicating myocardial disease, such as left ventricular hypertrophy or ST-T wave abnormalities, or the presence of coronary artery calcium, indicating atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, are both biomarkers of future cardiovascular (CV) risk. Although the risk factors for myocardial and coronary artery disease are similar, their concomitant expression has implications for CV disease screening and prevention programmes. The relationship between the resting 12-lead ECG and subclinical atherosclerosis measured as coronary artery calcium (CAC) with electron beam tomography was examined in 937 healthy participants (aged 40-50 years) enrolled in a CV risk screening study.