Early Attrition Prediction for Web-Based Interpretation Bias Modification to Reduce Anxious Thinking: A Machine Learning Study.

Background: Digital mental health is a promising paradigm for individualized, patient-driven health care. For example, cognitive bias modification programs that target interpretation biases (cognitive bias modification for interpretation [CBM-I]) can provide practice thinking about ambiguous situations in less threatening ways on the web without requiring a therapist. However, digital mental health interventions, including CBM-I, are often plagued with lack of sustained engagement and high attrition rates.

Web-based interpretation bias training to reduce anxiety: A sequential, multiple-assignment randomized trial.

Objective: Web-based cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I) can improve interpretation biases and anxiety symptoms but faces high rates of dropout. This study tested the effectiveness of web-based CBM-I relative to an active psychoeducation condition and the addition of low-intensity telecoaching for a subset of CBM-I participants.

Method: 1,234 anxious community adults (Mage = 35.

Cure State Sensing of Polymethylmethacrylate Using a Vibrating Axial Probe.

A new axially vibrating sensor based on an audio voice coil transducer and a lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric disc microphone was developed as a probe for the measurement of in vitro rheological fluid properties, including curing progress for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) mixtures with important uses as bone cement in the field of orthopedics. The measurement of the vibrating axial sensor's acoustic spectra in PMMA undergoing curing can be described by a damped harmonic oscillator formalism and resonant frequency (ca. 180 Hz) shift can be used as an indicator of curing progress, with shifts to the blue by as much as 14 Hz.

Divergent dynamics of sexual and habitat isolation at the transition between stick insect populations and species.

Speciation is often viewed as a continuum along which populations diverge until they become reproductively-isolated species. However, such divergence may be heterogeneous, proceeding in fits and bursts, rather than being uniform and gradual. We show in Timema stick insects that one component of reproductive isolation evolves non-uniformly across this continuum, whereas another does not.

Online cognitive bias modification for interpretation to reduce anxious thinking during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent, and rates increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, most individuals with elevated anxiety do not access treatment due to barriers such as stigma, cost, and availability. Digital mental health programs, such as cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM-I), hold promise in increasing access to care.

Shifting Episodic Prediction With Online Cognitive Bias Modification: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Negative future thinking pervades emotional disorders. This hybrid efficacy-effectiveness trial tested a four-session, scalable online cognitive bias modification program for training more positive episodic prediction. 958 adults (73.

Autolysis Affects the Iron Cargo of Ferritins in Neurons and Glial Cells at Different Rates in the Human Brain.

Iron is known to accumulate in neurological disorders, so a careful balance of the iron concentration is essential for healthy brain functioning. An imbalance in iron homeostasis could arise due to the dysfunction of proteins involved in iron homeostasis. Here, we focus on ferritin-the primary iron storage protein of the brain.

Polymethyl methacrylate cure time in simulated in vivo total knee arthroplasty versus in vitro conditions.

Background: The present means of confirming the cure of intra-operative polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) cement are to wait for the remainder cement to harden. To our knowledge, there is no available technique to determine the precise moment of cure for in-vivo cement beneath the tibial tray. This study uses a novel means to determine cement curing time in two environments.

Multi-session online interpretation bias training for anxiety in a community sample.

The present study assessed target engagement, preliminary efficacy, and feasibility as primary outcomes of a free multi-session online cognitive bias modification of interpretation (CBM-I) intervention for anxiety in a large community sample. High trait anxious participants (N = 807) were randomly assigned to a CBM-I condition: 1) Positive training (90% positive-10% negative); 2) 50% positive-50% negative training; or 3) no-training control. Further, half of each CBM-I condition was randomized to either an anxious imagery prime or a neutral imagery prime.

Older Adults' Physical Activity and Healthcare Costs, 2003-2014.

Introduction: Research has documented the health benefits of physical activity among older adults, but the relationship between physical activity and healthcare costs remains unexplored at the population level. Using data from 50 U.S.

Enhancing Older Adults' Sense of Belonging and Subjective Well-Being Through Sport Game Attendance, Team Identification, and Emotional Support.

We investigate how (a) attendance at sport games and (b) identification with a sport team as fans (i.e., team identification) influence older adults' perceptions of emotional support, belonging, and subjective well-being (SWB).

Integrating health education and physical activity programming for cardiovascular health promotion among female inmates: A proof of concept study.

Female inmate populations in the United States tend to be overweight, physically inactive, experience high stress, and have a history of nicotine and other drug dependence. Thus, they bear an elevated risk of cardiovascular (CV) disease than the general population. However, few evidence-based health interventions exist for this population.

Isolation by adaptation in Neochlamisus leaf beetles: host-related selection promotes neutral genomic divergence.

This study tests how divergent natural selection promotes genomic differentiation during ecological speciation. Specifically, we use adaptive ecological divergence (here, population divergence in host plant use and preference) as a proxy for selection strength and evaluate the correlation between levels of adaptive and genetic differentiation across pairwise population comparisons. Positive correlations would reveal the pattern predicted by our hypothesis, that of 'isolation by adaptation' (IBA).

Inference is bliss: using evolutionary relationship to guide categorical inferences.

Three experiments, adopting an evolutionary biology perspective, investigated subjects' inferences about living things. Subjects were told that different enzymes help regulate cell function in two taxa and asked which enzyme a third taxon most likely uses. Experiment 1 and its follow-up, with college students, used triads involving amphibians, reptiles, and mammals (reptiles and mammals are most closely related evolutionarily) and plants, fungi, and animals (fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants).

Effect of resistance training and aerobic conditioning on muscular strength and submaximal fitness for individuals with chronic heart failure: influence of age and gender.

The hallmark characteristic of chronic heart failure (CHF) is exercise intolerance. This study evaluated a combined exercise program that would be consistent with current cardiac rehabilitation guidelines. The program consisted of progressive resistance training (intensity progressing from 50 to 80% maximum) and aerobic conditioning (70% of heart rate reserve).

Lateral phage transfer in obligate intracellular bacteria (wolbachia): verification from natural populations.

Lateral transfer of mobile DNA is a hallmark of bacteria with a free-living replicative stage; however, its significance in obligate intracellular bacteria and other heritable endosymbionts remains controversial. Comparative sequence analyses from laboratory stocks infected with Wolbachia pipientis provide some of the most compelling evidence that bacteriophage WO-B transfers laterally between infections of the same insect host. Lateral transfer between coinfections, however, has been evaluated neither in natural populations nor between closely related Wolbachia strains.

Ecologically dependent postmating isolation between sympatric host forms of Neochlamisus bebbianae leaf beetles.

Ecological speciation is the promotion of reproductive isolation via the divergent adaptation of populations to alternative environments. A prediction peculiar to ecological speciation is that hybrids between such populations should be adapted poorly to parental environments, yielding reduced fitness and postmating isolation. However, F(1) analyses alone cannot demonstrate that ecological ("extrinsic") factors contribute to such isolation.

Divergent selection and heterogeneous genomic divergence.

Levels of genetic differentiation between populations can be highly variable across the genome, with divergent selection contributing to such heterogeneous genomic divergence. For example, loci under divergent selection and those tightly physically linked to them may exhibit stronger differentiation than neutral regions with weak or no linkage to such loci. Divergent selection can also increase genome-wide neutral differentiation by reducing gene flow (e.

Selection and genomic differentiation during ecological speciation: isolating the contributions of host association via a comparative genome scan of Neochlamisus bebbianae leaf beetles.

This study uses a comparative genome scan to evaluate the contributions of host plant related divergent selection to genetic differentiation and ecological speciation in maple- and willow-associated populations of Neochlamisus bebbianae leaf beetles. For each of 15 pairwise population comparisons, we identified "outlier loci" whose strong differentiation putatively reflects divergent selection. Of 447 AFLP loci, 15% were outliers across multiple population comparisons, and low linkage disequilibrium indicated that these outliers derived from multiple regions of the genome.

Heterogeneous genomic differentiation between walking-stick ecotypes: "isolation by adaptation" and multiple roles for divergent selection.

Genetic differentiation can be highly variable across the genome. For example, loci under divergent selection and those tightly linked to them may exhibit elevated differentiation compared to neutral regions. These represent "outlier loci" whose differentiation exceeds neutral expectations.

Individual advantages to ecological specialization: insights on cognitive constraints from three conspecific taxa.

The information-processing hypothesis (IPH) posits that specialist herbivores should make host-associated decisions more effectively than generalists and thus enjoy associated fitness advantages that may help explain the evolutionary prevalence of host-specific insects. This is because generalists must evaluate a greater diversity of host plants/cues than specialists and thus face a cognitive challenge that is predicted to constrain the efficiency and accuracy of their choices. Here, we present the first individual-level evaluation of this hypothesis.

The evolution of unisexuality in Calligrapha leaf beetles: molecular and ecological insights on multiple origins via interspecific hybridization.

Interspecific hybridization is a well-established cause of unisexual origins in vertebrates. This mechanism is also suspected in other apomictic taxa, but compelling evidence is rare. Here, we evaluate this mechanism and other hypotheses for the evolutionary origins of unisexuality through an investigation of Calligrapha leaf beetles.

Ecological divergence exhibits consistently positive associations with reproductive isolation across disparate taxa.

To what degree is the divergent adaptation responsible for life's phenotypic variety also responsible for generating the millions of species that manifest this variation? Theory predicts that ecological divergence among populations should promote reproductive isolation, and recent empirical studies provide support for this hypothesis in a limited number of specific taxa. However, the essential question of whether ecology plays a truly general role in speciation has yet to be systematically evaluated. Here we address this integral issue using an approach that adds an ecological dimension to comparative studies investigating the relationship between reproductive isolation and divergence time.

Evaluation of anticipation bias for RPE during progressive exercise testing.

This study evaluated a possible anticipation bias when ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were obtained during submaximal progressive exercise testing. Perceptual estimates were obtained using the CR-10 category-ratio scale. 13 subjects, 7 men and 6 women (M age = 26.