Morphological description of Mepraia spp. females (Hemiptera: Reduviidae, Triatominae).

Mepraia spinolai, M. gajardoi and M. parapatrica occur in distinct regions in Chile.

The Interspecific Hemelytra Differences Among Mepraia Species Males (Hemiptera, Reduviidae:Triatominae) in Chile.

The species of the genus Mepraia Mazza, Gajardo Tobar and Jörg (Hemiptera, Reduviidae:Triatominae) exhibit polymorphism in their hemelytra. The females of all species are always micropterous, but the males can be micropterous, brachypterous, or macropterous. Mepraia gajardoi Frías, Henry and González (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) males are always brachypterous, Mepraia parapatrica Frías-Lasserre (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) males are macropterous or brachypterous and Mepraia spinolai (Porter) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) males are macropterous, brachypterous, or micropterous.

Stress in the Educational System as a Potential Source of Epigenetic Influences on Children's Development and Behavior.

Despite current advances on the relevance of environmental cues and epigenetic mechanisms in biological processes, including behavior, little attention has been paid to the potential link between epigenetic influences and educational sciences. For instance, could the learning environment and stress determine epigenetic marking, affecting students' behavior development? Could this have consequences on educational outcomes? So far, it has been shown that environmental stress influences neurological processes and behavior both in humans and rats. Through epigenetic mechanisms, offspring from stressed individuals develop altered behavior without any exposure to traumatizing experiences.

The Importance of ncRNAs as Epigenetic Mechanisms in Phenotypic Variation and Organic Evolution.

Neo-Darwinian explanations of organic evolution have settled on mutation as the principal factor in producing evolutionary novelty. Mechanistic characterizations have been also biased by the classic dogma of molecular biology, where only proteins regulate gene expression. This together with the rearrangement of genetic information, in terms of genes and chromosomes, was considered the cornerstone of evolution at the level of natural populations.

Wing Polymorphism and Trypanosoma cruzi Infection in Wild, Peridomestic, and Domestic Collections of Mepraia spinolai (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) From Chile.

Mepraia spinolai (Porter) is a vector of Trypanosoma cruzi that causes Chagas disease. Females are always wingless, but males may be winged or wingless. We determined by PCR the infection percentage with T.

Non coding RNAs and viruses in the framework of the phylogeny of the genes, epigenesis and heredity.

The origin of genes is one of the most enigmatic events in the origin of life. It has been suggested that noncoding (nc) RNA was probably a precursor in the formation of the first polypeptide, and also at the origin of the first manifestation of life and genes. ncRNAs are also becoming central for understanding gene expression and silencing.

A new species and karyotype variation in the bordering distribution of Mepraia spinolai (Porter) and Mepraia gajardoi Frías et al (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Chile and its parapatric model of speciation.

In the present study, the morphology, color pattern, chromosomal complement and aspects of meiosis in natural populations at the borders of the distributions of Mepraia gajardoi Frías et al and Mepraia spinolai (Porter) are described. The males of these bordering populations are brachypterous or macropterous, while females are always micropterous. Morphological and cytogenetic data indicated that the populations that border the distributions of M.

Description of the third-instar of Anastrepha leptozona Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae).

The morphology of the third-instar larva of Anastrepha leptozona Hendel is characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The antennomaxillary complex, oral ridges, labium, stomal sensory organ, cephalopharyngeal skeleton, anterior and posterior spiracles and caudal segment are described and illustrated. Mature larvae of A.