Deep neural network-based segmentation of normal and abnormal pancreas on abdominal CT: evaluation of global and local accuracies.

Purpose: Delay in diagnosis can contribute to poor outcomes in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and new tools for early detection are required. Recent application of artificial intelligence to cancer imaging has demonstrated great potential in detecting subtle early lesions. The aim of the study was to evaluate global and local accuracies of deep neural network (DNN) segmentation of normal and abnormal pancreas with pancreatic mass.

Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: A Forgotten Diagnosis and a Great Mimicker of Malignancy.

Radiology errors have been reported in up to 30% of cases when patients have abnormal imaging findings. Although more than half of errors are failures to detect critical findings, over 40% of errors are when findings are recognized but the correct diagnosis or interpretation is not made. One common source of error is when imaging findings from one process simulate imaging findings from another process but the correct diagnosis is not made.

Classification of pancreatic cystic neoplasms using radiomic feature analysis is equivalent to an experienced academic radiologist: a step toward computer-augmented diagnostics for radiologists.

Purpose: A wide array of benign and malignant lesions of the pancreas can be cystic and these cystic lesions can have overlapping imaging appearances. The purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic accuracy of a radiomics-based pancreatic cyst classifier to an experienced academic radiologist.

Methods: In this IRB-approved retrospective single-institution study, patients with surgically resected pancreatic cysts who underwent preoperative abdominal CT from 2003 to 2016 were identified.

CT Radiomics-Based Preoperative Survival Prediction in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often a lethal malignancy with limited preoperative predictors of long-term survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of preoperative CT radiomics features in predicting postoperative survival of patients with PDAC. A total of 153 patients with surgically resected PDAC who underwent preoperative CT between 2011 and 2017 were retrospectively identified.

Hepatic angiosarcoma in an adult who had Wilms tumor treated in childhood: A case report.

Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare, highly aggressive mesenchymal liver malignancy with poor prognosis that stems from the endothelial cells that line the walls of blood or lymphatic vessels. It is the third most common primary liver malignancy and is most prevalent among older males. It is difficult to diagnose due to various clinical presentations from asymptomatic to abdominal pain, pleural effusion, and liver failure.

Intra-abdominal lymphangioma: A case report.

Lymphangioma is a rare, benign congenital malformation of the lymphatic system that usually affects the neck and head in children. Intra-abdominal lymphangioma accounts for less than 5 percent of all cases of lymphangioma. The clinical presentation of intra-abdominal lymphangioma can vary from asymptomatic to nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

Idiopathic recurrent acute pancreatitis in the context of pancreas divisum: A case report.

Recurrent acute pancreatitis is characterized by frequent episodes of inflammation in the pancreas. The most common causes are alcohol abuse and gallstones but approximately 30% of cases are defined as idiopathic because initial evaluation fails to detect the etiology. In these patients, extensive laboratory and imaging evaluations usually lead to the uncovering of an occult biliary duct stone or sphincter of Oddi dysfunction as the main reason for frequent pancreatitis.

Pancreatic cystic desmoid tumor following metastatic colon cancer surgery: A case report.

Desmoid tumors are rare, benign, and locally aggressive neoplasms that stem from connective tissue that have high rates of recurrence after surgery. Intra-abdominal desmoid-type fibromatosis can arise in 2 forms: sporadic or hereditary (associated with familial adenomatous polyposis and Gardner syndrome). The diagnosis of desmoid-type tumors is based on imaging modalities and histopathological examination.

Ectopic Cushing syndrome caused by a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor: A case report.

Cushing syndrome is a disorder that occurs when the body is exposed to a higher than normal level of the hormone cortisol. It is most commonly caused by exogenous glucocorticoids, and less commonly due to endogenous sources. Ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) syndrome is one of the rare causes of endogenous Cushing syndrome engendered by oversecretion of ACTH from a tumor outside of the pituitary or adrenal glands.

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm following cesarean section; a case report.

Uterine artery pseudoaneurysm is an uncommon cause of vaginal bleeding that can occur after cesarean, hysterectomy, myomectomy, uncomplicated vaginal delivery, as well as gynecologic surgery. A 29-year-old woman (G4P1122) who underwent stat cesarean section and intrauterine device placement was found to have a 1.6-cm left uterine artery pseudoaneurysm on follow-up ultrasound.

Clinical and histopathological outcome of cervical and chest MRI involving non-MRI-conditional cardiac pacemakers: a study using sheep models.

Aim: To examine the clinical and histopathological consequences of MRI in sheep implanted with non-MRI-conditional cardiac pacemakers.

Materials And Methods: Under general anesthesia, active fixation leads of two dual-chamber, non-MRI-conditional cardiac pacemakers (St. Jude Medical and Medtronic) were implanted either at the right ventricular apex or at the right atrium of two male sheep and connected to the V and A channels of the pacemakers, respectively.

Accuracy of ultrasonography in detecting gastrointestinal tract obstructions in children; a prospective study in a tertiary referral hospital.

Aims: To examine the diagnostic accuracy of plain radiography, abdominal ultrasonography (US), and their combination in pediatric patients with suspected gastrointestinal (GI) tract obstruction.

Material And Methods: A cohort of 48 patients (age, 0-14 years, 27 boys) with clinical manifestations of GI tract obstruction underwent plain radiography and abdominal US examination. The final diagnoses were based on intraoperative findings, rectal biopsies (in Hirschsprung's disease), or adequate follow-ups.

Invasive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms: CT Features of Colloid Carcinoma Versus Tubular Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas.

The purpose of this study is to compare the CT features of colloid carcinoma and tubular adenocarcinoma of the pancreas arising in association with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs). The preoperative CT images of 85 patients with histopathologically proven IPMNs and associated invasive adenocarcinoma located next to each other were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-nine patients (34.

Diagnostic performance of 64-MDCT in detecting ERCP-proven periampullary duodenal diverticula.

Aim: To determine the diagnostic performance of 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT) in detecting periampullary duodenal diverticula.

Materials And Methods: Medical profiles of 120 endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)-proven patients with (n = 100) and without (n = 20) periampullary duodenal diverticula who had undergone 64-MDCT were retrospectively reviewed. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 64-MDCT in detecting periampullary duodenal diverticula were calculated.

Urinary bladder fistulae and the role of CT cystography: a pictorial review.

Various conditions such as inflammation, malignancy, surgical manipulations, and radiation therapy can lead to the development of urinary bladder fistulae. Although many of these fistulae are suspected clinically, imaging plays a major role in confirmation and planning of subsequent treatment. Computed tomography (CT) cystoscopy provides useful details regarding the fistulous track and the anatomy of the region.

Imaging of urinary bladder injury: the role of CT cystography.

Although conventional radiographic cystography has been traditionally considered the reference standard in detecting bladder injuries, computed tomography (CT) cystography has become the initial imaging method of choice in the acute setting. CT cystography has been shown to provide comparable accuracy as conventional cystography, and can be easily performed in conjunction with trauma CT surveys in patients with suspected bladder injuries. Despite increasing enthusiasm toward CT cystography in dealing with patients with suspected bladder injuries, there is little information in this regard in the literature.

CT imaging, classification, and complications of acute pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis is an increasingly common condition and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) is the primary initial imaging modality in the characterization of acute pancreatitis. In this article, we provide sample CECT technical acquisition parameters for pancreatic imaging.

Emerging imaging techniques for acute pancreatitis.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is caused by acute inflammation of the pancreas and adjacent tissue and is a common source of abdominal pain. The current CT and MRI evaluation of AP is mostly based on morphologic features. Recent advances in image acquisition and analysis offer the opportunity to go beyond morphologic features.

Utility of CT Radiomics Features in Differentiation of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma From Normal Pancreatic Tissue.

The objective of our study was to determine the utility of radiomics features in differentiating CT cases of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from normal pancreas. In this retrospective case-control study, 190 patients with PDAC (97 men, 93 women; mean age ± SD, 66 ± 9 years) from 2012 to 2017 and 190 healthy potential renal donors (96 men, 94 women; mean age ± SD, 52 ± 8 years) without known pancreatic disease from 2005 to 2009 were identified from radiology and pathology databases. The 3D volume of the pancreas was manually segmented from the preoperative CT scans by four trained researchers and verified by three abdominal radiologists.

Added value of apparent diffusion coefficient in distinguishing between serous and mucin-producing pancreatic cystic neoplasms.

Objectives: To evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) on MRI in differentiating serous from mucin-producing pancreatic cystic neoplasms (PCNs).

Methods: One hundred seventeen patients with PCN measuring ≥ 10 mm were included. Three readers independently evaluated MRI with and without the use of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC).

The effect of Cobb angle correction on spinal length gain in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

The relationship between curve correction and spinal length gain in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was examined. A total of 102 patients who underwent posterior spinal correction and fusion alone or in combination with anterior spinal correction and fusion (ASF) were studied. The Cobb angle correction, increase in the main thoracic length, T1-L5 spinal length gain, and T1-L5 spinal length gain/Cobb angle correction were reported.

Utility of volumetric contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted MRI in differentiating between common primary hypervascular liver tumors.

Background: Differentiating between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is usually achievable by MRI. However, in some cases with atypical imaging findings accurate diagnosis may be difficult.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of volumetric contrast-enhanced (CE) and volumetric diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating between HCC, FNH, and HCA.

Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Multiparametric MR Imaging to Predict Patient Survival.

Purpose To determine the performance of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-based tumor metrics for evaluation of response to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in patients with unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICCA). Materials and Methods Ninety-four patients with unresectable ICCA underwent baseline and follow-up MR imaging after TACE and were followed up until death or end of study duration. Lesions were analyzed for anatomic (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] and tumor volume) and functional (viable tumor volume, viable tumor burden, and apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]) volumetric MR parameters by using semiautomatic software.