Profiles of the maternal occupational exposome during pregnancy and associations with intrauterine growth: analysis of the French Longitudinal Study of Children - ELFE study.

Background: Numerous agents in the workplace are suspected of impairing fetal growth. To date, no epidemiological studies have specifically described the occupational exposome during pregnancy.

Objective: The objectives were to determine maternal occupational exposome profiles and study their associations with intrauterine growth characteristics measured by small for gestational age (SGA), birthweight (BW), and head circumference (HC).

Mediating effect of working conditions on the association between education and early labour market exit: a cohort study of Swedish men.

Objectives: It is not fully known what explains educational inequalities in early labour market exits. This study aims to examine the mediating effect of exposure to unfavourable working conditions, measured by low job control and high physical workload, on the association between education and early labour market exit among men.

Methods: This register-based study included all men born 1951-1953, who underwent Swedish military conscription in late adolescence and had a registered educational level in 2005 (n=115 998).

Educational differences in alcohol-related morbidity and the role of working conditions: a Swedish register-based cohort study.

This study aims to investigate the relationship between education and alcohol-related morbidity and the role that low job control and heavy physical workload play in explaining these associations among men and women in Sweden. This register-based cohort study (SWIP cohort) includes over three million individuals registered in Sweden in 2005. Job control and physical workload were measured using a job exposure matrix linked to the index person based on their registered occupation at baseline.

The role of job strain in the relationship between depression and long-term sickness absence: a register-based cohort study.

Purpose: Though individuals with depression and those with poor working conditions are more likely to be on long-term sickness absence (LTSA), less is known about how working conditions may modify the associations between depression status and LTSA. This study aims to examine the association between depression and LTSA among Swedish workers with different levels of job strain and its individual components (job demands and job control).

Methods: All Swedish workers 30 - 60 years old (N = 3,065,258) were studied in 2005.

A formal model accounting for measurement reliability shows attenuated effect of higher education on intelligence in longitudinal data.

The effect of higher education on intelligence has been examined using longitudinal data. Typically, these studies reveal a positive effect, approximately 1 IQ point per year of higher education, particularly when pre-education intelligence is considered as a covariate in the analyses. However, such covariate adjustment is known to yield positively biased results if the covariate has measurement errors and is correlated with the predictor.

Diagnoses of common mental disorders among social workers in Sweden: A register-based cohort study.

Background: Little is known about common mental disorders (CMD) diagnoses among social workers, i.e., depression, anxiety, or stress-related disorders.

The role of working conditions in educational differences in all-cause and ischemic heart disease mortality among Swedish men.

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the extent to which low job control and heavy physical workload in middle age explain educational differences in all-cause and ischemic heart disease (IHD) mortality while accounting for important confounding factors.

Methods: The study is based on a register-linked cohort of men who were conscripted into the Swedish military at around the age of 18 in 1969/1970 and were alive and registered in Sweden in 2005 (N=46 565). Cox proportional hazards regression models were built to estimate educational differences in all-cause and IHD mortality and the extent to which this was explained by physical workload and job control around age 55 by calculating the reduction in hazard ratio (HR) after adjustments.

The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical workload on disability pension-a cohort study of Swedish men.

Objective: Understanding the impact of physical capacity in combination with high physical workload could be beneficial for the prevention of health-related exits from work. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the separate and combined effects of low cardiorespiratory fitness and high physical workload on disability pension (DP) due to any cause, musculoskeletal disorders (MSD), and cardiovascular diseases (CVD).

Methods: A total of 279 353 men born between 1951 and 1961 were followed regarding DP between 2006 and 2020, ages 45-64.

The meaning of decision latitude in registered nurses' night work.

Purpose: For many employees today, the work situation and work content differ from those of the industrial workers that were originally in mind when the well-known demand-control-support model was developed. The aim of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the meaning of control, i.e.

Job demands and job control and their associations with disability pension-a register-based cohort study of middle-aged and older Swedish workers.

Objectives: Job demands and control at work and their combination, job strain, have been studied in relation to risk of disability pension (DP) previously. In the present study, based on registry data, we aimed to deepen the knowledge by analyzing major disease groups among the DPs, dose-response shape of the associations, and potential confounding effects of physical workload.

Methods: Approximately 1.

Combined exposure to heavy physical workload and low job control and the risk of disability pension: A cohort study of employed men and women in Sweden.

Objective: To investigate the separate and combined effects of overall heavy physical workload (PWL) and low decision authority on all-cause disability pension (DP) or musculoskeletal DP.

Methods: This study uses a sample of 1,804,242 Swedish workers aged 44-63 at the 2009 baseline. Job Exposure Matrices (JEMs) estimated exposure to PWL and decision authority.

Utilizing a Nordic Crosswalk for Occupational Coding in an Analysis on Occupation-Specific Prolonged Sickness Absence among 7 Million Employees in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.

We identified occupations with a high incidence of prolonged sickness absence (SA) in Nordic employees and explored similarities and differences between the countries. Utilizing data from national registers on 25-59-year-old wage-earners from Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden, we estimated the gender- and occupation-specific age-adjusted cumulative incidence of SA due to any cause, musculoskeletal diseases and mental disorders. To increase the comparability of occupations between the countries, we developed a Nordic crosswalk for occupational codes.

Does a change to an occupation with a lower physical workload reduce the risk of disability pension? A cohort study of employed men and women in Sweden.

Objective: This study aimed to examine if a change to an occupation with a lower physical workload reduces the risk of all-cause disability pension (DP) and musculoskeletal DP (MDP).

Methods: This study used a sample of 359 453 workers who were registered as living in Sweden in 2005 and aged 44-63 in 2010. Exposure to physical workload was measured from 2005-2010 by linking a mean value from a job exposure matrix to occupational codes.

Educational qualification differences and early labor market exit among men: the contribution of labor market marginalization measured across the working life.

Background: The present study aims to investigate the association between educational qualification and early labor market exit among men and to examine the contribution of labor market marginalization measured across the working life on this association.

Method: A register-linked cohort study was conducted including men who completed military service in 1969/70 (born between 1949 and 1951) and were alive at age 55 and not disability pension beneficiaries (n = 40 761). Information on the highest level of educational qualification and the outcome of early exit (disability pension, sickness absence, unemployment, and early old-age pension) was obtained from Swedish nationwide registers between the ages of 55 and 64 years.

Long-term sick leave for back pain, exposure to physical workload and psychosocial factors at work, and risk of disability and early-age retirement among aged Swedish workers.

Purpose: To assess the risk of disability and early-age retirement associated with previous long-term sickness absence for back pain (back-pain SA), exposure to high physical workload, low job control, high demands and high strain, and to evaluate effect modification by work factors on the relationship between back-pain SA and premature retirement.

Methods: All employed Swedish residents born 1946-1955 (n = 835,956) were followed up from 2010 to 2016 for disability (DP) and early-age pension (EAP). Associations of premature retirement with exposure to work factors and back-pain SA in the 3 years before follow-up were estimated through proportional hazards models.

Psychosocial workplace factors and alcohol-related morbidity: a prospective study of 3 million Swedish workers.

Background: Psychosocial workplace factors may be associated with alcohol-related morbidity, but previous studies have had limited opportunities to take non-occupational explanatory factors into account. The aim of this study is to investigate associations between job control, job demands and their combination (job strain) and diagnosed alcohol-related morbidity while accounting for several potentially confounding factors measured across the life-course, including education.

Methods: Job control, job demands and job strain were measured using the Swedish job exposure matrix measuring psychosocial workload on the occupational level linked to over 3 million individuals based on their occupational titles in 2005 and followed up until 2016.

Depression among teachers: a Swedish register-based study.

Background: Some studies have suggested that teachers are particularly at risk for mental health problems but the research in this area has not been conclusive. This study aims to compare the risk of being diagnosed with depression for different types of teachers in Sweden, both with each other and with the rest of the population, using register data.

Methods: Just over 3 million individuals age 30-60 were included of which 256,166 were teachers.

Personality trait by intelligence interaction effects on grades tend to be synergistic.

Background: Earlier research has identified both synergistic and compensatory personality traits by intelligence interaction effects on academic performance.

Methods: The present study employed data on intelligence, personality traits, and academic performance in the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY97, N = 8984).

Results: Some intelligence by personality trait interaction effects, mainly involving indicators of dependability, on high school grades were identified.

Dangers of residual confounding: a cautionary tale featuring cognitive ability, socioeconomic background, and education.

Background: Cognitive ability and socioeconomic background (SEB) have been previously identified as determinants of achieved level of education. According to a "discrimination hypothesis", higher cognitive ability is required from those with lower SEB in order to achieve the same level of education as those with higher SEB. Support for this hypothesis has been claimed from the observation of a positive association between SEB and achieved level of education when adjusting for cognitive ability.

Disability pensions related to heavy physical workload: a cohort study of middle-aged and older workers in Sweden.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to examine the associations between heavy physical workload among middle-aged and older workers and disability pension due to any diagnosis, as well as musculoskeletal, psychiatric, cardiovascular or respiratory diagnoses. The population-based design made it possible to examine dose-response and potential gender differences in the associations.

Methods: About 1.