Veterinary support staff knowledge and perceptions of antimicrobial drug use, resistance, and stewardship in the United States.

Antimicrobial drug use (AMU) in veterinary medicine may contribute to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) infections in both animals and people. Efforts to improve AMU in companion animal medicine are underway and should include all members of the veterinary team, including veterinary support staff. Our objective was to describe knowledge and attitudes regarding AMU, AMR, and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) in companion animal medicine among veterinary support staff professionals in the United States using an anonymous, online questionnaire.

The genomic and epidemiological virulence patterns of Salmonella enterica serovars in the United States.

The serovars of Salmonella enterica display dramatic differences in pathogenesis and host preferences. We developed a process (patent pending) for grouping Salmonella isolates and serovars by their public health risk. We collated a curated set of 12,337 S.

Advancing antimicrobial stewardship in companion animal veterinary medicine: a qualitative study on perceptions and solutions to a One Health problem.

Objective: The term antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is used to describe the coordinated efforts and programs required to sustain the clinical efficacy of antimicrobials and slow the development of antimicrobial resistance. However, companion animal veterinarians are provided with few "cage-side" resources to achieve these goals. The aims of our study were to understand the current perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge of AMS among companion animal veterinarians and to source technology-based solutions that reduce barriers to judicious antimicrobial drug prescribing.

Colorado pet owners' perceptions of and attitudes towards antimicrobial drug use and resistance.

Background: Antimicrobial drug (AMD) use in companion animal medicine may contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in both pets and humans. However, pet owners' attitudes and perceptions regarding AMD use and AMR have not been extensively studied in the United States.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey at five Colorado veterinary hospitals collected information about pet owners' knowledge and perceptions of AMD use and AMR, adherence with AMD treatment instructions and the role of the veterinarian in the AMD prescribing process.

Codex Alimentarius Guidelines for Risk Analysis of Foodborne Antimicrobial Resistance Are Incompatible with Available Surveillance Data.

Abstract: Foodborne antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) microorganisms are a global food safety concern. Antimicrobial drug use (AMU) in livestock may increase the risk of resistant foodborne bacterial infections in humans via contaminated animal products. Consequently, countries have implemented different livestock AMU restriction policies, opening the potential for trade disputes.

Survey of companion animal veterinarians' antimicrobial drug prescription practices and awareness of antimicrobial drug use guidelines in the United States.

Antimicrobial drug use in companion animal medicine, the subsequent development of antimicrobial resistance and the potential hazard of animals transmitting resistant bacteria to humans are of increasing concern. Antimicrobial prescription patterns among companion animal veterinarians in the United States are understudied, and the association between antimicrobial drug use guideline awareness and antimicrobial drug prescription practices is unknown. Information on antimicrobial recommendations for five hypothetical clinical scenarios, including canine pyoderma, acute canine diarrhoea, feline lower urinary tract illness, canine dental procedures and feline upper respiratory illness, was gathered using an anonymous, online cross-sectional survey.

Survey of production animal veterinarians' prescription practices, factors influencing antimicrobial drug use, and perceptions of and attitudes toward antimicrobial resistance.

Objective: To assess production animal medicine veterinarians' prescription practices and identify factors influencing their use of antimicrobial drugs (AMDs) and their perceptions of and attitudes toward antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Sample: 157 production animal veterinarians in the United States.

Procedures: An online cross-sectional survey and digital diary were used to gather information regarding perceptions on AMD use and AMR and on treatment recommendations for production setting-specific disease scenarios.

Cannabis Use Is Associated With Increased Risk for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Findings From the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry.

Objective: We examined the frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) in cannabis users compared with nonusers in the T1D Exchange clinic registry (T1DX).

Research Design And Methods: The association between cannabis use by total substance score for cannabis (TSC) and DKA in the past 12 months was examined using a logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders among adults in the T1DX.

Results: Of 932 adults with type 1 diabetes, 61 had a TSC >4, which classified them as moderate cannabis users.

Structural studies of the perovskite series LaSrCoO during chemical looping with methane.

Perovskite oxides are promising materials as oxygen carriers in chemical looping applications. We analyze in situ X-ray diffraction data on the perovskite phases La1-xSrxCoO3-δ for x = 0, 0.25, 0.

Association Between Cannabis Use and Risk for Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes.

This survey study investigates whether cannabis use is associated with risk of diabetic ketoacidosis in adults with type 1 diabetes.

Influence of transition metal electronegativity on the oxygen storage capacity of perovskite oxides.

The selection of highly efficient oxygen carriers (OCs) is a key step necessary for the practical development of chemical looping combustion (CLC). In this study, a series of ABO3 perovskites, where A = La, Ba, Sr, Ca and B = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, are synthesized and tested in a fixed bed reactor for reactivity and stability as OCs with CH4 as the fuel. We find that the electronegativity of the transition metal on the B-site (λB), is a convenient descriptor for oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of our perovskite samples.

Stabilization of cubic Sr2FeMoO6 through topochemical reduction.

Sr2FeMoO6 has been extensively studied for application in spintronic devices. Through the topochemical de-intercalation of oxygen anions with metal hydride reduction, we demonstrate that the high temperature cubic phase is stabilized, at room temperature, whilst leaving the magnetic ordering intact. Synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder diffraction were used to characterize the structure and stoichiometry of the reduced oxide.

PZT-like structural phase transitions in the BiFeO3-KNbO3 solid solution.

Despite the high prominence of the perovskites BiFeO(3) and KNbO(3) the solid solution between the two has received little attention. We report a detailed neutron and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy study which demonstrates an R3c→P4mm→Amm2 series of structural phase transitions similar to that exhibited by the PbZrO(3)-PbTiO(3) solid solution.

Lesion severity at processing as a predictor of Salmonella contamination of swine carcasses.

Objective: To measure the relationship between gross lesions in swine carcasses observed at a processing plant and Salmonella contamination and to determine whether nonexpert assessments of lesion status would correspond with swine pathologists' judgments.

Animals: Carcasses of 202 conventionally raised and 156 antimicrobial-free pigs in a Midwestern US processing plant examined from December 2005 to January 2006.

Procedures: 4 replicates were conducted.