Photoredox Chemistry of Sugars without Protecting Groups: Two-Step Production of C-Glycosides via Intermediate Dihydropyridine Glycosyl Esters.

Unprotected sugars are converted directly into their corresponding dihydropyridine esters, which can be activated under photoredox conditions to produce glycosyl radicals, which in turn can react with a range of electron deficient alkenes to provide C-glycosides. This method does not involve any protection of sugar hydroxyl groups and represents a simple two-step method for the conversion of reducing sugars into unprotected C-glycosides.

Machine learning methods for the modelling and optimisation of biogas production from anaerobic digestion: a review.

Biogas plant operators often face huge challenges in the monitoring, controlling and optimisation of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, as it is very sensitive to surrounding changes, which often leads to process failure and adversely affects biogas production. Conventional implemented methods and mechanistic models are impractical and find it difficult to model the nonlinear and intricate interactions of the AD process. Thus, the development of machine learning (ML) algorithms has attracted considerable interest in the areas of process optimization, real-time monitoring, perturbation detection and parameter prediction.

Snakebite drug discovery: high-throughput screening to identify novel snake venom metalloproteinase toxin inhibitors.

Snakebite envenoming results in ∼100,000 deaths per year, with close to four times as many victims left with life-long sequelae. Current antivenom therapies have several limitations including high cost, variable cross-snake species efficacy and a requirement for intravenous administration in a clinical setting. Next-generation snakebite therapies are being widely investigated with the aim to improve cost, efficacy, and safety.

Non-invasive mid-term electrocardiogram patch monitoring is effective in detecting atrial fibrillation.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a cause of serious morbidity such as stroke. Early detection and treatment of AF is important. Current guidelines recommend screening via opportunistic pulse taking or 12‑lead electrocardiogram.

Single-photon avalanche diode fabricated in standard 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS technology with sub-20 V breakdown voltage.

This paper presents a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in 55 nm bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology. In order to realize a SPAD having sub-20 V breakdown voltage for mobile applications while preventing high tunneling noise, a high-voltage N-well available in BCD is utilized to implement the avalanche multiplication region. The resulting SPAD has a breakdown voltage of 18.

Outcomes of Investigating T Wave Inversion With Echocardiography in an Unselected Young Male Preparticipation Cohort.

BACKGROUND Electrocardiography (ECG) may be performed as part of preparticipation sports screening. Recommendations on screening of athletes to identify individuals with previously unrecognized cardiac disease are robust; however, data guiding the preparticipation screening of unselected populations are scarce. T wave inversion (TWI) on ECG may suggest an undiagnosed cardiomyopathy.

Selective Anomeric Acetylation of Unprotected Sugars with Acetic Anhydride in Water.

Unprotected sugars are selectively acetylated simply by stirring in aqueous solution in the presence of acetic anhydride and a weak base such as sodium carbonate. The reaction is selective for acetylation of the anomeric hydroxyl group of mannose, 2-acetamido, and 2-deoxy sugars and can be performed on a large scale. Competitive intramolecular migration of the 1--acetate to the 2-hydroxyl group when these two substituents are causes over-reaction and the formation of product mixtures.

A sub-wavelength Si LED integrated in a CMOS platform.

A nanoscale on-chip light source with high intensity is desired for various applications in integrated photonics systems. However, it is challenging to realize such an emitter using materials and fabrication processes compatible with the standard integrated circuit technology. In this letter, we report an electrically driven Si light-emitting diode with sub-wavelength emission area fabricated in an open-foundry microelectronics complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor platform.

Development of a bioorthogonal fluorescence-based assay for assessing drug uptake and delivery in bacteria.

Bioorthogonal chemistry can facilitate the development of fluorescent probes that can be used to sensitively and specifically detect the presence of biological targets. In this study, such an assay was developed to evaluate the uptake and delivery of antimicrobials into , building on and extending previous work which utilised more resource intensive LCMS detection. The bacteria were genetically engineered to express streptavidin in the periplasmic or cytoplasmic compartments, which was used to localise a bioorthogonal probe (BCN-biotin).

Singapore Advanced Cardiac Life Support Guidelines 2021.

Advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) emphasises the use of advanced airway management and ventilation, circulatory support and the appropriate use of drugs in resuscitation, as well as the identification of reversible causes of cardiac arrest. Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation and organ donation, as well as special circumstances including drowning, pulmonary embolism and pregnancy are addressed. Resuscitation does not end with ACLS but must continue in post-resuscitation care.

Outcomes of supraventricular tachycardia ablation: Results from the Singapore ablation and cardiac devices registry.

Background: The Singapore Cardiac Databank was designed to monitor the performance and outcomes of catheter ablation. We investigated the outcomes of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)-ablation in a prospective, nationwide, cohort study.

Methods: Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT), atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia (AVRT), or atrial tachycardia (AT)-ablations in Singapore from 2010 to 2018 were studied.

Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Asian Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: Consensus Recommendations by the Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology on Strategies for Thrombotic and Bleeding Risk Management.

The disease burden of AF is greater in Asia-Pacific than other areas of the world. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have emerged as effective alternatives to vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for preventing thromboembolic events in patients with AF. The Asian Pacific Society of Cardiology developed this consensus statement to guide physicians in the management of AF in Asian populations.

Development of Covalent, Clickable Probes for Adenosine A and A Receptors.

Adenosine receptors are attractive therapeutic targets for multiple conditions, including ischemia-reperfusion injury and neuropathic pain. Adenosine receptor drug discovery efforts would be facilitated by the development of appropriate tools to assist in target validation and direct receptor visualization in different native environments. We report the development of the first bifunctional (chemoreactive and clickable) ligands for the adenosine A receptor (AR) and adenosine A receptor (AR) based on an orthosteric antagonist xanthine-based scaffold and on an existing structure-activity relationship.

Machine learning versus classical electrocardiographic criteria for echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in a pre-participation cohort.

Background: Classical electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) are well studied in older populations and patients with hypertension. Their utility in young pre-participation cohorts is unclear.

Aims: We aimed to develop machine learning models for detection of echocardiogram-diagnosed LVH from ECG, and compare these models with classical criteria.

Parameterization of metabolite and macromolecule contributions in interrelated MR spectra of human brain using multidimensional modeling.

Macromolecular signals are crucial constituents of short echo-time H MR spectra with potential clinical implications in themselves as well as essential ramifications for the quantification of the usually targeted metabolites. Their parameterization, needed for general fitting models, is difficult because of their unknown composition. Here, a macromolecular signal parameterization together with metabolite signal quantification including relaxation properties is investigated by multidimensional modeling of interrelated 2DJ inversion-recovery (2DJ-IR) datasets.

A Population-wide study of electrocardiographic (ECG) norms and the effect of demographic and anthropometric factors on selected ECG characteristics in young, Southeast Asian males-results from the Singapore Armed Forces ECG (SAFE) study.

Background: Routine use of pre-participation electrocardiograms (ECGs) has been used by the Singapore Armed Forces, targeting early detection of significant cardiac diseases. We aim to describe the impact of demographic and anthropometric factors on ECG variables and establish a set of electrocardiographic reference ranges specific to a young male multiethnic Southeast Asian cohort.

Methods And Results: Between November 1, 2009, and December 31, 2014, 144,346 young male conscripts underwent pre-participation screening that included a 12-lead ECG, demographic and anthropometric measurements.

Identification of an I-dependent and I-mediated proarrhythmic mechanism in cardiomyocytes derived from pluripotent stem cells of a Brugada syndrome patient.

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac arrhythmia commonly associated with SCN5A mutations, yet its ionic mechanisms remain unclear due to a lack of cellular models. Here, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from a BrS patient (BrS1) to evaluate the roles of Na currents (I) and transient outward K currents (I) in BrS induced action potential (AP) changes. To understand the role of these current changes in repolarization we employed dynamic clamp to "electronically express" I and restore normal resting membrane potentials and allow normal recovery of the inactivating currents, I, I and I.

A novel three base-pair deletion in domain two of the cardiac sodium channel causes Brugada syndrome.

Introduction: Mutations within SCN5A are found in a significant proportion (15-30%) of Brugada syndrome (BrS) cases and impair sodium transport across excitable cardiac cells that mediate ventricular contractions. Genetic testing offers a means to clinically assess and manage affected individuals and their family members.

Methods And Results: The proband at age 44 years old exhibited a syncopal event during exercise, and presented later with a spontaneous type-I BrS pattern on 12‑lead resting electrocardiogram (ECG).