Glabridin Hypnosis in Zebrafish Larvae Is Associated With Effects on Multiple Anesthetic Target Receptors.

Background: R-Glabridin is a major flavonoid of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) root and known to modulate GABAA receptors, which are targets of many clinical hypnotics. However, R-glabridin hypnotic activity has not been reported in animals.

Methods: Inverted photomotor responses (IPMRs) were used to assess the hypnotic effects of natural R-glabridin and synthetic R/S-glabridin in wild-type zebrafish larvae and transgenic larvae lacking functional GABAA receptor β3 subunits (β30/0).

Long-Term Surgical Outcomes of Intermediate Cleft Rhinoplasty.

Background: The risk/benefit ratio of operating on the cleft nasal deformity in the period of mixed dentition remains debated. This study characterizes our 18-year experience with intermediate cleft rhinoplasties to add data and nuance to the discussion.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent intermediate cleft rhinoplasty from 2006 to 2023.

Skin cancer in patients who are co-infected with HIV/ HBV or HIV/HCV: a systematic review.

Skin cancer, the most common cancer in the United States, has been well-described in the literature to be associated with environmental factors including ultraviolet (UV) radiation. However, the effect of chronic viral infections on risk of skin cancer development, particularly in individuals co-infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B or C Viruses (HBV/HCV), has yet to be elucidated. This systematic review aims to be one of the first to consolidate existing literature and examine the relationship between skin cancer and HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV co-infections.

In vivo evaluation of complex polyps with endoscopic optical coherence tomography and deep learning during routine colonoscopy: a feasibility study.

Standard-of-care (SoC) imaging for assessing colorectal polyps during colonoscopy, based on white-light colonoscopy (WLC) and narrow-band imaging (NBI), does not have sufficient accuracy to assess the invasion depth of complex polyps non-invasively during colonoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a custom endoscopic optical coherence tomography (OCT) probe for assessing colorectal polyps during routine colonoscopy. Patients referred for endoscopic treatment of large colorectal polyps were enrolled in this pilot clinical study, which used a side-viewing OCT catheter developed for use with an adult colonoscope.

Reduction cranioplasty for hydrocephalic macrocephaly: a systematic review of surgical outcomes.

Objective: Hydrocephalic macrocephaly can result in poor psychosocial development, positioning difficulties, skin breakdown, and poor cosmesis. Although reduction cranioplasty can address these sequelae, the postoperative outcomes, complications, and mortality risk of reduction cranioplasty are not well understood given the rarity of hydrocephalic macrocephaly. Therefore, the primary objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the surgical outcomes of reduction cranioplasty for the treatment of hydrocephalic macrocephaly.

Eyeing Risks: A Critical Analysis of the Use of Periorbital Steroids in Fronto-orbital Advancement.

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes associated with two techniques of periorbital steroid administration in bilateral fronto-orbital advancement (FOA).

Design: Multi-institutional retrospective chart review.

Setting: Two high volume, tertiary US craniofacial centers.

Patient outcomes and complications following various maxillomandibular fixation techniques: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Currently, there are several methods of achieving maxillomandibular fixation (MMF), each with its unique operative considerations and subsequent patient outcomes and complications. In this study, we reviewed the literature to evaluate and compare all MMF methods.

Methods: A systematic review of all MMF types was conducted and post-operative outcome data were analyzed and compared among the different types.

Combination of Itacitinib or Parsaclisib with Pembrolizumab in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors: A Phase I Study.

Purpose: This phase Ib open-label, multicenter, platform study (NCT02646748) explored safety, tolerability, and preliminary activity of itacitinib (Janus kinase 1 inhibitor) or parsaclisib (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase δ inhibitor) in combination with pembrolizumab [programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor].

Experimental Design: Patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors with disease progression following all available therapies were enrolled and received itacitinib (Part 1 initially 300 mg once daily) or parsaclisib (Part 1 initially 10 mg once daily; Part 2 all patients 0.3 mg once daily) plus pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 weeks).

Use of Resorbable Fixation for Posterior Cranial Vault Distraction Osteogenesis.

Posterior vault distraction osteogenesis traditionally relies on the use of cranial distractors affixed with titanium screws to the posterior cranial vault transport segment to allow for expansion of intracranial volume. The authors describe a novel technique using the resorbable fixation Synthes Rapidsorb Injectable Polymer System for stable fixation of the distraction hardware for posterior vault distraction osteogenesis. In a retrospective review of their experience with the system, there was no instance of hardware or fixation failure.

Visual Attention toward Patients with Hemifacial Microsomia Reconstruction: A Prospective Eye-Tracking Study.

Background: Facial areas attracting the most visual attention in hemifacial microsomia (HFM) are poorly understood. Furthermore, it is not clear whether and how visual attention changes from before surgery to after surgery. This study characterized layperson visual attention to before and after reconstruction HFM using eye-tracking technology.

LeFort III Versus Monobloc Frontofacial Advancement: A Comparative Analysis of Soft Tissue Changes.

Introduction: The LeFort III and monobloc are commonly used midface advancement procedures for patients with syndromic craniosynostosis with well characterized postoperative skeletal changes. However, the differential effects of these procedures on facial soft tissues are less understood. The purpose of this study was to critically analyze and compare the effects of these 2 procedures on the overlying soft tissues of the face.

Toxidrome of an Easily Obtainable Nootropic: A Case Report of Phenibut Intoxication and Withdrawal Delirium.

Purpose/background: Phenibut (4-amino-3-phenyl-butyric acid) is a structural analog of GABA with central nervous system depressant and anxiolytic properties, developed in the former Soviet Union for anxiety, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal. Its primary mechanism of action is believed to be a GABA-B receptor agonist-with high affinity at the α 2 δ subunit-containing voltage-dependent calcium channels and therefore gabapentinoid activity-as well as, to a lesser extent, GABA-A agonist activity. While not approved or regulated by the FDA, phenibut is easily obtainable online, where it is marketed as a nootropic, or cognitive enhancer.

Effects of Lung Ultrasound Technique and Pleural Line Depth on In Vitro and In Vivo Measurements of Pleural Line Thickness.

Objective: The aim of the work described here was to determine the effects of imaging protocol, technique and pleural line depth on measured pleural line thickness (PLT).

Methods: Sonograms were performed on a phantom and healthy volunteers. In vitro, pleural line depth, transducer type (5-1 MHz phased array vs.

Sociodemographic Disparities in Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Given the consequences of delayed treatment and diagnosis of craniosynostosis, this study reviews the literature on sociodemographic risk factors and disparities associated with delayed craniosynostosis treatment.

Design: A systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search of PubMed/Medline and Embase was performed by two independent reviewers.

Estimated absolute percentage of biopsied tissue positive for Gleason pattern 4 (eAPP4) in low dose rate prostate brachytherapy: Evaluation of prognostic utility in a large cohort.

Purpose: To determine whether a system to estimate Absolute Percentage of Biopsied Tissue Positive for Gleason Pattern 4 (eAPP4) is useful as a prognostication tool for patients with intermediate risk prostate cancer (IR-PCa) undergoing low dose rate prostate brachytherapy.

Methods: 497 patients with IR-PCa and known grade group 2 or 3 disease treated with low dose rate seed brachytherapy (LDR-BT) at a quaternary cancer centre were retrospectively reviewed. Prostate biopsies for each patient included Gleason grading with synoptic reporting that did not include percentage of pattern 4 disease found within the sample.

Real Face Analysis of Masculinity-Femininity, Facial Ratios, and Attractiveness.

Background: Previous studies have evaluated the influence of facial features in determining male and female sex using prototypical renderings or artificially altered faces in relatively small sample sizes. Using a large set of human photographs and raters, this study hypothesized that certain anatomic facial ratios are associated with perceptions of masculinity/femininity, can interact to predict sex, and are associated with ratings of attractiveness differently in males and females.

Methods: Ratings of masculinity-femininity and binary self-identification (male or female) were compared with facial anatomic ratios from 827 frontal facial photographs.

Disability Caused by Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Critical Valuation Appraisal.

Objective: Measuring disability as a concept of impaired global function enables beneficiaries of treatment, the impact of treatment, and targets of health system investment to be rigorously assessed. Measures of disability are not well established for cleft lip and palate. This study aims to systematically review disability weight (DW) studies pertaining to orofacial clefts (OFCs) and identify methodological strengths and shortcomings of each approach.

Systematic Review of the Economic Evaluation of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors Used as Treatment in Patients with Heart Failure.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have been recently used as therapeutic agents for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent clinical trials have shown that they are beneficial for reducing the risk of cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization in patients with heart failure (HF). A comprehensive review regarding the cost-effectiveness of different SGLT2 inhibitors for HF treatment may be necessary to help clinicians and decision-makers select the most cost-effective HF treatment option.

Integration of the CLEFT-Q Patient-Reported Outcome Tool into a Multidisciplinary Cleft and Craniofacial Clinic: A Proof of Concept.

Implementation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools has increased internationally in a variety of clinical settings, with emerging evidence suggesting benefits for patient satisfaction, improved patient-provider communication, and management of chronic conditions. However, integrating PROs into clinical workflow remains a barrier to implementation, with common challenges including patient completion, provider review of results, and future accessibility of data. Cleft lip and/or palate presents with a variety of aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial sequelae optimally managed by a multidisciplinary team, and the CLEFT-Q is a validated 12-module PRO that captures patient perception in these domains.

Correlation between degree of sagittal suture fusion and surrogates of elevated intracranial pressure in sagittal craniosynostosis.

Objective: Sagittal craniosynostosis constricts transverse skull growth, with possible neurocognitive sequelae. While the degree of sagittal suture fusion has been shown to influence the degree of dysmorphology, it is unknown if it impacts functional findings, including elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). The purpose of this study was to determine associations between the degree of sagittal suture fusion and optical coherence tomography (OCT) surrogates suggestive of increased ICP in patients with nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis.