Insulin treatment protects the brain against neuroinflammation by reducing cerebral cytokines and modulating mitochondrial function.

In the central nervous system, glial cells protect the brain against neuronal stress by inducing inflammatory responses; namely, intracellular signaling and cytokine production. However, chronic inflammation is often associated with degenerative diseases that can damage hormone signaling and mitochondrial function. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroinflammation by stimulating the production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α); moreover, it generates oxidative stress and impairs cognitive functions.

Prevalence of falls in fibromyalgia patients.

Objective: To compare the risk of falls in fibromyalgia (FM) patients compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and normal controls.

Methods: We studied 60 FM, 60 RA patients and 60 controls for fall frequency in one week, one month, six months and one year. Patients were submitted to body mass index determination and balance evaluation through the Berg scale.

Secondary Sjögren's syndrome and disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: To study the relationship of the presence of secondary SS with disease activity, duration in RA.

Methods: Eighty two patients with RA were submitted to Schirmer test, minor salivary gland biopsy, questionnaire on sicca symptoms, DAS-28 4v determination.

Results: In this population, 20 (24.