Inflammatory blockade prevents injury to the developing pulmonary gas exchange surface in preterm primates.

Perinatal inflammatory stress is associated with early life morbidity and lifelong consequences for pulmonary health. Chorioamnionitis, an inflammatory condition affecting the placenta and fluid surrounding the developing fetus, affects 25 to 40% of preterm births. Severe chorioamnionitis with preterm birth is associated with significantly increased risk of pulmonary disease and secondary infections in childhood, suggesting that fetal inflammation may markedly alter the development of the lung.

State of the field: cellular and exosomal therapeutic approaches in vascular regeneration.

Pathologies of the vasculature including the microvasculature are often complex in nature, leading to loss of physiological homeostatic regulation of patency and adequate perfusion to match tissue metabolic demands. Microvascular dysfunction is a key underlying element in the majority of pathologies of failing organs and tissues. Contributing pathological factors to this dysfunction include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticular (ER) stress, endothelial dysfunction, loss of angiogenic potential and vascular density, and greater senescence and apoptosis.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft With Suture Tape Augmentation.

The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly injured ligament in the knee, with injury usually occurring as a result of multidirectional sports. The incidence of ACL injury has continued to increase, with most patients opting for surgery to improve stability as well as permit a return to sport. Traditional methods of ACL reconstruction can achieve this but are not without their problems, including graft rupture, residual laxity, and donor-site morbidity.

Anterior Talofibular Ligament Repair With Suture Tape Augmentation.

The most common injury sustained to the ankle ligaments is a result of inversion of the foot. This mechanism results in injury to the anterior talofibular ligament alone or in conjunction with the calcaneofibular ligament and posterior talofibular ligament. Patients experiencing recurrent ankle sprains despite nonoperative measures often require surgical management.

Efforts to Improve Appropriate Trauma Activation for Patients Transferred to a Level 1 Trauma Center From Outside Hospitals.

Trauma centers monitor under- and overtriage rates to comply with American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma verification requirements. Efforts to maintain acceptable rates are often undertaken as part of quality assurance. The purpose of this project was to improve the institutional undertriage rate by focusing on appropriately triaging patients transferred from outside hospitals (OSHs).

Biochemical and Epigenetic Insights into L-2-Hydroxyglutarate, a Potential Therapeutic Target in Renal Cancer.

Purpose: Elevation of L-2-hydroxylgutarate (L-2-HG) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is due in part to reduced expression of L-2-HG dehydrogenase (L2HGDH). However, the contribution of L-2-HG to renal carcinogenesis and insight into the biochemistry and targets of this small molecule remains to be elucidated.

Experimental Design: Genetic and pharmacologic approaches to modulate L-2-HG levels were assessed for effects on and phenotypes.

Feasibility of Intracorporeal Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Appendiceal Interposition for Ureteral Stricture Disease: A Case Report.

Objective: To describe a robotic-assisted laparoscopic (RAL) technique for using the appendix to repair ureteral stricture disease MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case of a patient presenting with a 5-cm obliterative right ureteral stricture was reviewed, and surgical technique, complications, and outcomes were reported.

Results: Our patient developed a right-sided 5-cm obliterative ureteral stricture secondary to recurrent stone disease and pyelonephritis. He underwent an uncomplicated RAL repair of his stricture with interposition of the appendix between the 2 segments of ureter.

L-2-Hydroxyglutarate: an epigenetic modifier and putative oncometabolite in renal cancer.

Unlabelled: Through unbiased metabolomics, we identified elevations of the metabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). 2HG can inhibit 2-oxoglutaratre (2-OG)-dependent dioxygenases that mediate epigenetic events, including DNA and histone demethylation. 2HG accumulation, specifically the d enantiomer, can result from gain-of-function mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1, IDH2) found in several different tumors.

Biomechanical Analysis of Cement Augmentation Techniques on Pedicle Screw Fixation in Osteopenic Bone: A Cadaveric Study.

Study Design: Three techniques for cement injection into osteopenic pedicles for screw augmentation were compared in a cadaver model.

Objectives: To compare the safety and efficacy of 3 techniques for cement augmentation of pedicle screws in a cadaver model.

Background: Cement augmentation of pedicle screws improves fixation in osteopenic spines.

Coccygectomy for chronic refractory coccygodynia: clinical case series and literature review.

Object: Coccygodynia is disabling pain in the coccyx and is usually provoked by sitting or rising from sitting. The diagnosis can be missed by neurosurgeons likely to encounter the disorder, and surgical treatment for coccygodynia has historically been viewed with caution. The authors conducted a retrospective review of 62 successive coccygectomy surgeries for coccygodynia performed at their institution.

Development of a sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and endotracheal tube placement in a patient simulator.

Anesthesiologists have long recognized that there is a sympathetic response to stimulation of the larynx, even in sedated patients. This response creates a rapid increase in blood pressure and heart rate in these patients. For the last 40 years, various simulation systems have been used to train anesthesiologists in the skills to be successful practitioners, simulating various disease states and crisis conditions.

Three- to six-year follow-up of stand-alone BAK cages implanted by a single surgeon.

Background Context: Multiple studies involving the outcomes of anterior interbody cages have been published, but the majority were by authors who designed the cage. No outcome studies with Bagby and Kuslich (BAK) cages implanted by a single-surgeon have either 3 years of follow-up or at least 25 patients.

Purpose: To determine the 3- to 6-year clinical outcomes, including fusion rate, revision rate, complications and functional status of patients who underwent placement of anterior, stand-alone BAK cages by a single surgeon.

The intriguing encounters of Pavlov and Cushing.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and Harvey William Cushing were two of the most prominent neuroscientists of the early 20th century. Their contributions helped advance the understanding of the brain and its disorders, and propelled neuroscience into a new era of research and treatment. Although separated geographically and culturally, Pavlov and Cushing exchanged letters and followed one another's careers from afar.

Efficacy of osteogenic protein-1 in a challenging multilevel fusion model.

Study Design: A therapeutic study compared the influence of osteogenic protein-1 to autograft and collagen carrier in multilevel sheep spine fusions.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of osteogenic protein-1 compared to autograft and collagen carrier in achieving fusion in a challenging multilevel lumbar spine ovine model.

Summary Of Background Data: Bone morphogenetic proteins can successfully augment spinal fusion.

Thoracic vertebral body exostosis as a cause of myelopathy in a patient with hereditary multiple exostoses.

The posterior thoracic vertebral body appears to be a novel origin for an exostosis causing myelopathy. A patient with hereditary multiple exostoses and myelopathy caused by an exostosis originating from the posterior aspect of the T5 vertebral body was treated with a staged anterior decompression/corpectomy and posterior spinal fusion. The patient had near-complete resolution of his myelopathy immediately after undergoing removal of the exostosis through a right-sided lateral thoracotomy approach.