The Matthew Effect: Prevalence of Doctor and Physician Parents among Ophthalmology Applicants.

 This article determines the prevalence of physician parents among ophthalmology residency applications.  Retrospective, single-center cohort study.  All applicants to the University of Kentucky Ophthalmology Residency between 2018 and 2023.

Accuracy of Ophthalmology Clinic Follow-Up in the Incarcerated Patient Population.

 Incarcerated patients represent a uniquely vulnerable population in the outpatient ophthalmology setting, and the reliability of follow-up in this group is undetermined.  This was a retrospective, observational chart review of consecutive incarcerated patients evaluated at the ophthalmology clinic of a single academic medical center between July 2012 and September 2016. For each encounter the following were recorded: patient age, gender, incarcerated status at the time of encounter (a subset of patients had encounters before/after incarceration), interventions performed, follow-up interval requested, urgency of follow-up, and actual time to subsequent follow-up.

Confined acoustic line modes within a glide-symmetric waveguide.

Confined coupled acoustic line-modes supported by two parallel lines of periodic holes on opposite surfaces of a glide-symmetric waveguide have a hybrid character combining symmetric and anti-symmetric properties. These hybrid coupled acoustic line-modes have a near constant group velocity over a broad frequency range as no band gap is formed at the first Brillouin zone boundary. We show that the hybrid character of these confined modes is tuneable as a function of the spacing between the two surfaces.

Synthesis and Characterization of [(PbSe)][TiSe] Isomers.

This work presents the preparation of a series of [(PbSe)][TiSe] isomers via a low temperature synthesis approach that exploits precursor nanoarchitecture to direct formation of specific isomers. The targeted isomers formed even when the precursors did not have the correct amount of each element to make a unit cell from each repeating sequence of elemental layers deposited. This suggests that the exact composition of the precursors is less important than the nanoarchitecture in directing the formation of the compounds.

Reporting of Race and Ethnicity in the Ophthalmology Literature in 2019.

Importance: The description of racial and ethnic data in human trials is relatively unregulated, leading to potential confusion with and inconsistent reporting of these data.

Objective: To determine the frequency and use of racial and ethnic data in the ophthalmology literature in 2019.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study included all full-length human studies published between January and December 2019 in the American Journal of Ophthalmology, JAMA Ophthalmology, and Ophthalmology.

Effect of glaucoma on identification of bottle cap color in ophthalmic medications.

A prospective, nonrandomized, observational trial of 60 glaucoma patients to correlate visual acuity and visual field with ability to distinguish bottle cap color of commonly used ophthalmic medications was conducted. A total of 103 eyes from 60 patients (30 women) were evaluated. The mean logMAR acuity was 0.

Kinetics of the Topochemical Transformation of (PbSe) (TiSe) (SnSe) (TiSe) to (PbSnSe) (TiSe) .

Solid-state reaction kinetics on atomic length scales have not been heavily investigated due to the long times, high reaction temperatures, and small reaction volumes at interfaces in solid-state reactions. All of these conditions present significant analytical challenges in following reaction pathways. Herein we use in situ and ex situ X-ray diffraction, in situ X-ray reflectivity, high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to investigate the mechanistic pathways for the formation of a layered (PbSnSe)(TiSe) heterostructure, where m is the varying number of TiSe layers in the repeating structure.

Kinetically Controlled Formation and Decomposition of Metastable [(BiSe)] [TiSe] Compounds.

Preparing homologous series of compounds allows chemists to rapidly discover new compounds with predictable structure and properties. Synthesizing compounds within such a series involves navigating a free energy landscape defined by the interactions within and between constituent atoms. Historically, synthesis approaches are typically limited to forming only the most thermodynamically stable compound under the reaction conditions.

An objective assessment of the variability in number of drops per bottle of glaucoma medication.

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the number of eyedrops available per bottle of a variety of commonly prescribed glaucoma medications.

Methods: Six bottles of each glaucoma medication were tested: three each in the vertical and horizontal orientations. Bottles were housed in a customized force gauge apparatus designed to mimic ballpoint fingertip contact with a bottle.

Squeeze Me if You Can: Variability in Force Requirements to Extract a Drop From Common Glaucoma Bottles.

Purpose: To determine the force requirements to dispense a single drop from commonly prescribed brand and generic topical glaucoma medications and correlate these findings with pinch strength in a representative patient population.

Patients And Methods: Four bottles of each medication were tested: 2 in the vertical and 2 in the horizontal orientation. Bottles were housed in a customized force gauge apparatus designed to mimic ballpoint fingertip contact with a bottle tip.

The synthesis of [(PbSe)1+δ]m(TiSe2)n[(SnSe2)1+γ]m(TiSe2)n heterostructures with designed nanoarchitectures by self assembly of amorphous precursors.

Targeted heterostructures containing intergrown two dimensional (2D) layers of 3 different constituent layers, SnSe2, PbSe and TiSe2, were prepared by controlling the composition and sequence of elemental bilayers within a designed precursor. Varying the structure of the precursor enabled the number of structural units of each constituent and the sequence of crystalline 2D layers to be precisely controlled. The stacking of the 2D layers, their structures, and the segregation of the elements between them were determined using X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy techniques, with the observed sequence of the 2D layers consistent with the targeted intergrowth.

Pediatric glaucoma medical therapy: who more accurately reports medication adherence, the caregiver or the child?

As they grow older, most children with glaucoma must eventually face the transition to self-administering medications. We previously reported factors associated with better or worse medication adherence in children with glaucoma, using an objective, electronic monitor. Utilizing the same data set, the purpose of the current study was to determine whose report (the caregiver's or the child's) corresponded better with electronically monitored adherence.

Improved Surgical Success of Combined Glaucoma Tube Shunt and Retisert(®) Implantation in Uveitic Eyes: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine whether the outcomes following placement of a fluocinolone acetonide implant (Retisert(®); Bausch & Lomb, Inc.) combined with an Ahmed™ glaucoma valve (New World Medical, Inc.) in eyes with uveitic glaucoma (UG Retisert) were different when compared to an Ahmed valve alone in eyes with uveitic glaucoma or primary open angle glaucoma (UG non-Retisert and POAG, respectively).

Misfit Layer Compounds and Ferecrystals: Model Systems for Thermoelectric Nanocomposites.

A basic summary of thermoelectric principles is presented in a historical context, following the evolution of the field from initial discovery to modern day high-zT materials. A specific focus is placed on nanocomposite materials as a means to solve the challenges presented by the contradictory material requirements necessary for efficient thermal energy harvest. Misfit layer compounds are highlighted as an example of a highly ordered anisotropic nanocomposite system.

Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements: uveitis, a major confounding factor.

Objective: To evaluate optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) measurements in patients with active and quiescent uveitis with and without glaucoma and compare results to the published age-adjusted normative data.

Design: Comparative, retrospective pilot study.

Participants: Consecutive patients with uveitis who underwent OCT RNFL measurements between December 2011 and October 2012 were identified: 76 uveitic eyes without glaucoma and 135 uveitic eyes with glaucoma.

Prevalence of self-reported early glaucoma eye drop bottle exhaustion and associated risk factors: a patient survey.

Background: One barrier to patient adherence with chronic topical glaucoma treatment is an inadequate amount of medication available between prescription refills. We examined the self-reported prevalence of early exhaustion of glaucoma eye drops prior to a scheduled refill, and associated risk factors.

Methods: This cross-sectional survey was performed at a University-based clinical practice.

Paradoxical changes of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in uveitic glaucoma.

Importance: Measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness using optical coherence tomography can aid in the diagnosis and management of glaucoma. We observed a previously unreported phenomenon in eyes with uveitis-associated glaucoma in which paradoxical changes in RNFL thickness were noted.

Observations: Four eyes of 3 patients with uveitis-associated glaucoma had a relatively normal RNFL measurement on presentation during periods of active uveitis and raised intraocular pressure.

Optic disc hemorrhage after phacoemulsification in patients with glaucoma.

Background. Optic disk hemorrhage is known to be a risk factor for glaucoma progression. Cataract surgery by phacoemulsification results in large intraocular pressure fluctuations.

Telluride misfit layer compounds: [(PbTe)1.17]m(TiTe₂)n.

Telluride misfit layer compounds are reported for the first time. These compounds were synthesized using a novel approach of structurally designing a precursor that would form the desired product upon low-temperature annealing, which allows the synthesis of kinetically stable products that do not appear on the equilibrium phase diagram. Four new compounds of the [(PbTe)(1.

Risk factors for acute postoperative intraocular pressure elevation after phacoemulsification in glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the risk factors for and frequency of an acute intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation (spike) after phacoemulsification in patients with glaucoma.

Setting: Academic glaucoma clinics and operating rooms.

Design: Retrospective case series.

The effect of phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure in medically controlled open-angle glaucoma patients.

Purpose: To evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) after phacoemulsification in patients with medically controlled open-angle glaucoma (OAG), and examine the association of biometric variables to IOP changes.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Open-angle glaucoma patients without prior incisional glaucoma surgery undergoing phacoemulsification by a single surgeon between January 1997 and October 2011 were evaluated.

Surgical outcomes and cost basis for resident-performed cataract surgery in an uninsured patient population.

Importance: In the past, resident physicians have provided care to indigent patients under the supervision of experienced physicians. General consensus exists regarding higher surgical costs of patient care at teaching hospitals. No study has examined the outcomes or the cost basis for resident physicians providing health care to an underserved population.

A review of primary congenital glaucoma in the developing world.

Primary congenital glaucoma is the most common type of infantile glaucoma, yet it remains a relatively rare disease. Treatment is principally surgical, and management lasts a lifetime. In the developing world, delayed diagnosis, limited treatment, and inadequate follow-up lead to a heavier burden on the patient and community.