Antimicrobial resistance profile, biofilm forming capacity and associated factors of multidrug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa among patients admitted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital and Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections and the most common multidrug-resistant pathogen. This study aimed to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns, biofilm-forming capacity, and associated factors of multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates at two hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Rabies research in Ethiopia: A systematic review.

Rabies is an important zoonosis in Ethiopia, where lack of research is cited as a constraint to implementation of the national rabies control strategy. We conducted a systematic review of publications and theses on rabies in Ethiopia, to document research gaps and areas of knowledge saturation in relation to geographic and species focus, methods and findings. We also examined funding sources and extent of local researcher participation.

Effects of Sub-Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Imipenem and Colistin on Expression of Biofilm-Specific Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Genes in Sequence Type 1894.

Antibiotics at suboptimal doses promote biofilm formation and the development of antibiotic resistance. The underlying molecular mechanisms, however, were not investigated. Here, we report the effects of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of imipenem and colistin on genes associated with biofilm formation and biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance in a multidrug-tolerant clinical strain of Sequence Type (ST) 1894.

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of spp. and spp. from clinical samples at Jimma medical center, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa () and () can cause difficult-to-treat infections. We characterized molecular epidemiology of ceftazidime-resistant and carbapenem-resistant at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia.

Materials And Methods: Non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli ( = 80) isolated from admitted patients were subjected for species identification by MALDI-TOF.

Genomic Epidemiology of Carbapenemase-Producing and Colistin-Resistant among Sepsis Patients in Ethiopia: a Whole-Genome Analysis.

Sepsis due to carbapenemase-producing and colistin-resistant is a global health threat. A multicenter study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020 at four hospitals located in different parts of Ethiopia. From a total of 1,416 sepsis patients, blood culture was performed.

Carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas species isolated from the urban-impacted Akaki river in Ethiopia.

Carbapenemase-producing Aeromonas species are an emerging health threat. This study aimed to determine carbapenemase-mediated resistance among Aeromonas isolates from the Akaki river, Ethiopia during the dry and wet seasons in 2019-2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility to carbapenems and cephalosporins was determined and carbapenemase production was confirmed.

Sepsis: emerging pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in Ethiopian referral hospitals.

Background: Sepsis due to multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is a growing public health problem mainly in low-income countries.

Methods: A multicenter study was conducted between October 2019 and September 2020 at four hospitals located in central (Tikur Anbessa and Yekatit 12), southern (Hawassa) and northern (Dessie) parts of Ethiopia. A total of 1416 patients clinically investigated for sepsis were enrolled.

High Magnitude of Fecal Carriage of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.

Background: Gastrointestinal colonization rate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing (ESBL-PE) is the major risk factor for infection and dissemination of resistance clones in healthcare facilities. This study aimed to investigate the magnitude of the fecal carriage of ESBL-PE and associated factors among hospitalized patients at Debre Berhan Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, North Shoa, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia.

Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 383 hospitalized patients from November 2020 to March 2021.

Antimicrobial resistance genes in microbiota associated with sediments and water from the Akaki river in Ethiopia.

The spread of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens is a global health concern. Most studies report high levels of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the aquatic environment; however, levels associated with sediments are limited. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of ARGs in the sediments and water of the Akaki river in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase-Producing Isolates from Bloodstream Infection Suspected Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Production of Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and Carbapenemase is the most common strategy for drug resistance in clinical isolates of . This study was conducted to determine the magnitude of ESBL and Carbapenemase production (CPE) among clinical isolates of causing bloodstream infections (BSI) in Ethiopia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from September 2018 to January 2019 in Ethiopia.

Molecular Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and AmpC Producing among Sepsis Patients in Ethiopia: A Prospective Multicenter Study.

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and AmpC producing are public health threats. This study aims to characterize ESBL and AmpC producing isolated from sepsis patients. A multicenter study was conducted at four hospitals located in central (Tikur Anbessa and Yekatit 12), southern (Hawassa) and northern (Dessie) parts of Ethiopia.

Identification and Characterization of Species in Livestock, Humans, and Water in Livestock Owning Households of Peri-urban Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A One Health Approach.

is the most common cause of bacterial infectious diarrhea and acute gastroenteritis globally, and is recognized as a significant zoonotic pathogen. Antimicrobial resistance amongst isolates is a significant global concern. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify and characterize species in humans, animals and water sources in livestock owning households of peri-urban Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; and to characterize antimicrobial resistance.

The Magnitude of Carbapenemase and ESBL Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: The emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) is a public health concern. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude of carbapenemase and ESBL producing bacteria isolated from patients affected by Urinary Tract Infection (UTI).

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2018 to March 2019 at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital.

Polyclonal spread of bla through high-risk clones of Escherichia coli at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia.

Objectives: The burden of antimicrobial resistance and spread of epidemic clones are rarely reported from low-income countries. We aimed to investigate the genome-based epidemiology of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) at a tertiary hospital in Jimma, Ethiopia.

Methods: Bacteria were isolated from clinical specimens at Jimma Medical Center and subjected to species identification (MALDI-TOF), antimicrobial susceptibility testing (disk diffusion) and whole-genome sequencing (Illumina, HiSeq2500).

One hundred years of zoonoses research in the Horn of Africa: A scoping review.

Background: One Health is particularly relevant to the Horn of Africa where many people's livelihoods are highly dependent on livestock and their shared environment. In this context, zoonoses may have a dramatic impact on both human and animal health, but also on country economies. This scoping review aimed to characterise and evaluate the nature of zoonotic disease research in the Horn region.

High prevalence of and nosocomial transmission of hypervirulent epidemic clones of at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia.

Background: Genomic epidemiology of antibiotic resistance is not sufficiently studied in low-income countries.

Objectives: To determine prevalence of ESBL production, and resistome and virulome profiles, of isolated at Jimma Medical Center, Ethiopia.

Methods: Strains isolated from patients with suspected infections between June and November 2016 were characterized by MALDI-TOF for species identification and disc diffusion for antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Phenotypic and Molecular Characterization of Penicillin and Macrolide-Resistant Serotypes Among Pediatric Patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: In several countries, introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has led to a decline in antimicrobial-resistant pneumococcal disease but has also resulted in a concomitant increase in antimicrobial-resistant, non-vaccine serotypes of . We sought to determine the magnitude of penicillin and macrolide resistance among pneumococcal serotypes and the mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Ethiopia, 5 years after the introduction of PCV10 in the country.

Methods: Susceptibility to penicillin and erythromycin of 119 pneumococcal isolates collected from pediatric patients aged 0-15 years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was tested using disc diffusion, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined by Etest.

Etiology, antibiotic susceptibility and prognostic factors of pediatric community-acquired sepsis in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Introduction: There is a scarcity of data on pediatric community-acquired sepsis (CAS) in Ethiopia. We sought to determine the etiology, role of Streptococcus pneumoniae, antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and prognostic factors in children with CAS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study of 101 children aged 0-15 years with suspected CAS was performed at two major hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia.

Background: Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) serotypes, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance profile vary across different geographic locations affecting disease patterns in newborns. These differences are important considerations for vaccine development efforts and data from large countries in Africa is limited. The aim of this study was to determine serotypes and genotypes of GBS isolates from pregnant women and their newborns in Ethiopia.

Group B Streptococcus colonization rate and serotype distribution among pregnant women and their newborns at Adama Hospital Medical College, Ethiopia.

Rectovaginal area of pregnant women can be colonized transiently with group B Streptococcus (GBS) without causing disease. The bacteria can be transmitted to the newborn before and during birth and cause early-onset neonatal disease. In this study, we aimed to determine the GBS colonization rate among pregnant women before delivery and their newborns and serotypes distribution of GBS.

Genetic diversity and drug resistance pattern of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from pulmonary tuberculosis patients in the Benishangul Gumuz region and its surroundings, Northwest Ethiopia.

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem and is the leading cause of death from a single bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex. The emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains aggravate the problem, especially in tuberculosis high burden countries such as Ethiopia. The supposedly high initial cost of laboratory diagnosis coupled with scarce financial resources has limited collection of information about drug resistance patterns and circulating strains in peripheral and emerging regions of Ethiopia.