Natural TiO-Nanoparticles in Soils: A Review on Current and Potential Extraction Methods.

The monitoring of anthropogenic TiO-nanoparticles in soils is challenged by the knowledge gap on their characteristics of the large natural TiO-nanoparticle pool. Currently, no efficient method is available for characterizing natural TiO-nanoparticles in soils without an extraction procedure. Considering the reported diversity of extraction methods, the following article reviews and discusses their potential for TiO from soils, focusing on the selectivity and the applicability to complex samples.