[Nocebo placebo, the hidden side of our treatments].

NOCEBO PLACEBO, THE HIDDEN SIDE OF OUR TREATMENTS. Our knowledge of the placebo effect and its opposite, the nocebo effect, has changed dramatically in the last 20 years. Any treatment activity induces this type of effect.

[Measuring the intensity of restraint during care in children: Validation of the Pric scale].

Restraint is used relatively often during pediatric care. However, no scale has yet been validated to assess its intensity. The study presented here did this for the Procedural Restraint Intensity in Children tool in metrological terms (with some limitations).

A simple tool to measure procedural restraint intensity in children: validation of the PRIC (Procedural Restraint Intensity in Children) scale.

Purpose: Restraint is often used when administering procedures to children. However, no metrologically scale to measure the restraint intensity had yet been validated. This study validated the metrological criteria of a scale measuring the restraint intensity, Procedural Restraint Intensity in Children (PRIC), used during procedures in children.

Cognitive impairment in children with CACNA1A mutations.

Aim: To describe the clinico-radiological phenotype of children with a CACNA1A mutation and to precisely evaluate their learning ability and cognitive status.

Method: Children between the ages of 3 and 18 years harboring a pathogenic CACNA1A mutation associated with episodic ataxia, hemiplegic migraine, benign paroxysmal torticollis, benign paroxysmal vertigo, or benign paroxysmal tonic upgaze, were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Data concerning psychomotor development, academic performance, educational management, clinical examination at inclusion, and brain imaging were collected.

Benign paroxysmal torticollis, benign paroxysmal vertigo, and benign tonic upward gaze are not benign disorders.

Aim: Benign paroxysmal torticollis (BPT), benign paroxysmal vertigo (BPV), and benign tonic upward gaze (BTU) are characterized by transient and recurrent episodes of neurological manifestations. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical relationships between these syndromes, associated comorbidities, and genetic bases.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, clinical data of patients with BPT, BPV, or BTU were collected with a focus on developmental achievements, learning abilities, and rehabilitation.

Longitudinal study shows that depression in childhood is associated with a worse evolution of headaches in adolescence.

Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the course of headache diagnosis, headache frequency, anxiety, comorbid depressive symptoms and school absenteeism in adolescents with migraine and tension-type headaches five years after baseline.

Methods: We followed a group of 122 children with a mean age of 10.1 (±1.

Early Diagnosis of Migraine Necessary in Children: 10-Year Follow-Up.

Background: The prevalence of migraine in individuals younger than 20 years old is 8%, with a mean age at onset of younger than 8 years. However, the long-term prognosis of migraine attacks has not been clearly established.

Objective: Our main objective was to evaluate disease course 10 years after migraine diagnosis in a cohort of children and adolescents.

How can surgeonfish help pediatric surgeons? A pilot study investigating the antinociceptive effect of fish aquariums in adult volunteers.

Background: Multiple distraction strategies have been proposed to reduce the incidence of anxiety and pain in children. Animal-assisted therapy is acknowledged and used in children as an adjunctive treatment with cognitive, physical, psychosocial and spiritual benefits.

Objective: To determine the effect of fish aquarium animal-assisted therapy (FA-AAT) on pain perception in a cohort of healthy volunteers.

Anxiety, depression and school absenteeism in youth with chronic or episodic headache.

Background: Chronic daily headache (CDH) in children has been documented in general and clinical populations. Comorbid psychological conditions, risk factors and functional outcomes of CDH in children are not well understood.

Objectives: To examine anxiety and depression, associated risk factors and school outcomes in a clinical population of youth with CDH compared with youth with episodic headache (EH).

Electronic and paper versions of a faces pain intensity scale: concordance and preference in hospitalized children.

Background: Assessment of pain in children is an important aspect of pain management and can be performed by observational methods or by self-assessment. The Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) is a self-report tool which has strong positive correlations with other well established self-report pain intensity measures. It has been recommended for measuring pain intensity in school-aged children (4 years and older).

[The CNRD, a commitment to managing acute procedural pain].

Created in 2002 in the framework of the 2nd national plan for pain, the Centre of national resources for pain management (CNRD) is devoted to procedural pain prevention and management. It works with professionals providing information and training, logistical and methodological assistance, support with research and the development of new practices.

Pain management in newborns: from prevention to treatment.

All neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) or during the first days of life undergo painful and stressful procedures. Epidemiologic studies have shown that pain induced by these procedures is not effectively prevented or is inadequately treated. Pain experienced during the neonatal period may lead to negative outcomes, especially in preterm neonates.

Use of a combined oxygen/nitrous oxide/morphine chlorydrate protocol for analgesia in burned children requiring painful local care.

Purpose: We present the results of the use of a protocol of inhalational oxygen/nitrous oxide mixtures associated with oral opioids on a prospective cohort of 33 children undergoing local care for acute but limited burned skin lesions.

Methods: All the children were orally administered 0.4 mg/kg morphine chlorydrate, and nitrous oxide was administered as an equimolar mixture (50% N2O, 50% O2) via a face mask during the procedure.

Epidemiology and treatment of painful procedures in neonates in intensive care units.

Context: Effective strategies to improve pain management in neonates require a clear understanding of the epidemiology and management of procedural pain.

Objective: To report epidemiological data on neonatal pain collected from a geographically defined region, based on direct bedside observation of neonates.

Design, Setting, And Patients: Between September 2005 and January 2006, data on all painful and stressful procedures and corresponding analgesic therapy from the first 14 days of admission were prospectively collected within a 6-week period from 430 neonates admitted to tertiary care centers in the Paris region of France (11.

EMLA cream and nitrous oxide to alleviate pain induced by palivizumab (Synagis) intramuscular injections in infants and young children.

Objective: Palivizumab (Synagis [Abbot Laboratories, Kent, United Kingdom]) is recommended for the prevention of severe lower respiratory tract infections caused by respiratory syncytial virus in infants at high risk. These injections are very painful, and currently the use of analgesics is not systematic. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of EMLA with premixed 50% nitrous oxide/oxygen, used alone or combined with EMLA, for pain alleviation during palivizumab injections.

[Standards, options and recommendations for the management of procedure-related pain (lumbar puncture, bone marrow aspiration or biopsy, blood sampling) in children patients with cancer (summary report)].

Context: The Standards, Options and Recommendations (SOR) project, started in 1993, is a collaboration between the Federation of French Cancer Centres (FNCLCC), the 20 French cancer centres, and specialists from French public universities, general hospitals and private clinics. The main objective is the development of clinical practice guidelines to improve the quality of health care and the outcome of cancer patients. The methodology is based on a literature review and critical appraisal by a multidisciplinary group of experts, with feedback from specialists in cancer care delivery.

Pain management in neonates.

Multiple lines of evidence suggest an increased sensitivity to pain in neonates. Repeated and prolonged pain exposure may affect the subsequent development of pain systems, as well as potentially contribute to alterations in long-term development and behavior. Despite impressive gains in the knowledge of neonatal pain mechanisms and strategies to treat neonatal pain acquired during the last 15 years, a large gap still exists between routine clinical practice and research results.