Improving Bayesian Reasoning: The Effects of Phrasing, Visualization, and Spatial Ability.

Decades of research have repeatedly shown that people perform poorly at estimating and understanding conditional probabilities that are inherent in Bayesian reasoning problems. Yet in the medical domain, both physicians and patients make daily, life-critical judgments based on conditional probability. Although there have been a number of attempts to develop more effective ways to facilitate Bayesian reasoning, reports of these findings tend to be inconsistent and sometimes even contradictory.

Impact of prolonged exercise in the heat and carbohydrate supplementation on performance of a virtual environment task.

Purpose: The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether performance of a virtual environment (VE) task is influenced by exercise in the heat and carbohydrate supplementation.

Methods: Ten males completed four exercise trials to fatigue. During each trial, subjects cycled at a submaximal workload.