Olfaction evaluation in dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate olfaction in dogs with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) compared with sighted dogs and blind dogs without SARDS as control groups.

Animals Studied: Forty client-owned dogs.

Procedure: Olfactory threshold testing was performed on three groups: SARDS, sighted, and blind/non-SARDS using eugenol as the test odorant.

Sulcus intraocular lens implantation in 17 dogs using a modified ab externo technique.

Objective: To describe a modified ab externo method of sulcus intraocular lens (IOL) fixation and report outcomes of eyes treated with this approach.

Procedures: Records of patients with lens instability or luxation that underwent a lensectomy and sulcus IOL implantation from January 2004 to December 2020 were reviewed.

Results: Nineteen eyes of 17 dogs had a sulcus IOL placed via a modified ab externo approach.

Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Ocular findings in cats with blastomycosis: 19 cases (1978-2019).

Objective: To document ocular findings in cats with blastomycosis.

Animals: 35 cats with blastomycosis.

Procedures: Medical records from 1978 through 2019 were reviewed to identify cats with confirmed Blastomyces infection.

The effect of postoperative oral antibiotic therapy on the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis after phacoemulsification surgery in dogs: 368 eyes (1997-2010).

Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of postoperative administration of oral antibiotics at reducing the incidence of endophthalmitis following phacoemulsification cataract extraction in dogs.

Methods: Medical records of the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine were reviewed for cases having undergone phacoemulsification and divided according to whether or not they had received oral antibiotics postoperatively. Records were then evaluated for a diagnosis of endophthalmitis and incidence rates between the group receiving postoperative oral antibiotics and the group not receiving postoperative oral antibiotics were compared.

Comparison of antimicrobial resistance patterns in dogs with bacterial keratitis presented to a veterinary teaching hospital over two multi-year time periods (1993-2003 and 2013-2019) in the Southeastern United States.

Objective: To report clinical characteristics of dogs with bacterial keratitis, identify the most common bacterial isolates within this population, characterize the bacterial isolates' antimicrobial resistance patterns, and compare those resistance patterns to previously reported resistance patterns.

Animal Studied: Dogs diagnosed with bacterial keratitis between 2013 and 2019.

Procedures: Data pertaining to breed; Schirmer tear test I results; use of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, or corticosteroids at time of ulcer diagnosis; bacterial genus or species isolated; and resistance to selected antimicrobials as measured by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion were collected.

Retrobulbar and Tongue Base Pyogranulomatous Myositis Resulting in Strabismus in a Dog: Case Report.

A seven-year-old female spayed Australian Shepherd was presented for a 3-day history of left eye ventromedial strabismus, episcleral injection, protrusion of the third eyelid, miosis, and enophthalmia. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) identified lesions in the left medial pterygoid muscle and left tongue base. Cytology and histopathology revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation with rod-shaped bacteria and pyogranulomatous myositis, respectively.

Tear film concentrations of topically applied 0.5% oxytetracycline ointment in normal canine eyes.

Objective: To determine the tear film levels of oxytetracycline in normal canine eyes after application of the ophthalmic ointment, Terramycin™ (0.5% oxytetracycline, polymyxin B sulfate), to guide appropriate treatment frequency.

Animals Studied: Ten research beagles.

Efficacy of long-term topical flurbiprofen in limiting lens capsule opacities following phacoemulsification in dogs.

Objective: To assess lens capsule opacity (LCO) following phacoemulsification in dogs receiving long-term topical ophthalmic flurbiprofen sodium 0.03%.

Animal Studied: Twenty-five client owned dogs undergoing phacoemulsification surgery for either diabetic or nondiabetic cataracts.

Effect of attentional focus levels on spontaneous eyeblink rate in horses.

Objective: Spontaneous eyeblink rate (SEBR) is inversely proportional to the level of attentional focus in humans. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of attentional focus on SEBR in horses.

Procedures: Twenty client-owned horses (2.

Long-term outcome of phacoemulsification in raptors-A retrospective study (1999-2014).

Objective: To determine long-term outcome of phacoemulsification in raptors at the University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center.

Animals Studied: Seven nonreleasable diurnal raptors including, four bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), two red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis), and one peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) that had undergone phacoemulsification. All birds showed behavioral changes attributable to visual deficits prior to surgery.

Migration of retrobulbar wooden foreign body between diagnostic imaging and surgical extraction in a German shepherd dog.

A 2-year-old, male castrated German shepherd dog was presented to the University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center (UTVMC) with periorbital swelling and conjunctival mucopurulent discharge 2 days following removal of a twig from the medial canthus by the owner. Diagnostic imaging was pursued due to the suspicion of a retrobulbar foreign body (FB). A cylindrical FB approximately 3.

Blink patterns and kinematics of eyelid motion in ophthalmologically normal horses.

OBJECTIVE To describe qualitative blinking patterns and determine quantitative kinematic variables of eyelid motion in ophthalmologically normal horses. ANIMALS 10 adult mares. PROCEDURES High-resolution videography was used to film blinking behavior.

Phacoemulsification outcomes in Boston terriers as compared to non-Boston terriers: a retrospective study (2002-2015).

Objectives: To compare visual outcome and cause of blindness between two groups of dogs undergoing phacoemulsification.

Animals Studied: Study population consisted of 35 Boston terriers (BT; 70 eyes) and 77 non-Boston terriers (NBT; 154 eyes) that underwent bilateral phacoemulsification surgery.

Procedures: Medical records were reviewed to determine visual outcome, complications leading to blindness and follow-up.

Tear film osmolality and electrolyte composition in healthy horses.

Objective: To evaluate the tear film osmolality and electrolyte composition in healthy horses.

Animals: 15 healthy adult horses.

Procedures: Each horse was manually restrained, and an ophthalmic examination, which included slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and a Schirmer tear test, was performed.

Flash electroretinography in the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).

Photopic and scotopic flash electroretinograms (fERGs) were done on 12 adult captive anesthetized bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) following a complete ophthalmic exam. The b-wave amplitude in the bald eagle exceeds that seen in other species when using a similar protocol. This data may be used clinically as a reference for bald eagles undergoing fERG evaluation for retinal disease or as a preoperative screening tool before phacoemulsification.

Biometry, keratometry, and calculation of intraocular lens power for the bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).

Objective: To document intraocular measurements and predict intraocular lens (IOL) power specific to the bald eagle.

Animals Studied: Eleven adult, captive bald eagles.

Procedures: Axial globe length (AGL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), crystalline lens thickness (CLT), and the distance from the cornea to the posterior lens capsule (CPLC) were measured in eight adult bald eagles using B-mode with vector A-mode ultrasound.

Normal ocular parameters and characterization of ophthalmic lesions in a group of captive bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).

Sixteen adult captive bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) underwent a complete bilateral ocular examination to assess normal ocular parameters and describe ophthalmic lesions. Tear production was measured with the Schirmer tear test 1 and intraocular pressure was measured with applanation tonometry. The menace response was normal bilaterally in 13 of 16 eagles.

Two time point versus 4 time point data acquisition in aqueous humor flow rate determinations by fluorophotometry.

Purpose: To establish the validity of a fluorophotometric protocol based on 2 time points to facilitate aqueous humor flow rate calculations in minimally cooperative species.

Materials And Methods: A standard canine fluorophotometry protocol was followed in 6 dogs. Fluorescein concentrations were obtained at 4 time points: 5, 6, 7, and 8 hours after topical application of 3 drops of 10% fluorescein.

Screening ADAMTS10 in dog populations supports Gly661Arg as the glaucoma-causing variant in beagles.

Purpose: Previously, we mapped the disease locus in the beagle model of autosomal recessive primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) to a 4-Mb interval on chromosome 20, and identified a Gly661Arg variant in ADAMTS10 as the candidate disease-causing variant. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the Gly661Arg variant of ADAMTS10 causes glaucoma by genotyping dogs of various breeds affected and unaffected by primary glaucoma.

Methods: Dogs of various breeds, affected or unaffected with primary glaucoma, were genotyped for the Gly661Arg variant of ADAMTS10, as well as 7 other nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in other genes in the beagle POAG locus that segregate with disease.

Effects of a topically applied 2% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol ophthalmic solution on intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flow rate in clinically normal dogs.

Objective: To determine the effects of topically applied 2% delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) ophthalmic solution on aqueous humor flow rate (AHFR) and intraocular pressure (IOP) in clinically normal dogs.

Animals: 21 clinically normal dogs.

Procedures: A randomized longitudinal crossover design was used.

Actinomyces endogenous endophthalmitis in a cat following multiple dental extractions.

An 8-year-old, brachycephalic, mixed breed cat underwent full mouth tooth extractions for the treatment of tooth root abscessation. Subsequently, the cat developed anterior uveitis refractory to topical therapy that eventually necessitated enucleation. Actinomyces species were isolated from both the tooth root abscesses and the anterior chamber after enucleation.

Fluorophotometric determination of aqueous humor flow rates in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).

Objective: To determine aqueous humor flow rate (AHFR) in an avian species by use of anterior segment fluorophotometry.

Animals: 9 healthy red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis; 4 males and 5 females) that ranged from 8 months to 8 years of age.

Procedures: A protocol was developed for fluorophotometric determination of AHFR.

Effects of one-week versus one-day preoperative treatment with topical 1% prednisolone acetate in dogs undergoing phacoemulsification.

Objective: To compare the effects of 2 preoperative anti-inflammatory regimens on intraocular inflammation following phacoemulsification.

Design: Randomized controlled trial

Animals: 21 dogs with immature cataracts.

Procedures: All dogs had cataract surgery via phacoemulsification, and most received prosthetic intraocular lenses.

An investigation comparing the efficacy of topical ocular application of tacrolimus and cyclosporine in dogs.

The purpose of this paper was to determine the efficacy and safety of topical tacrolimus, compared to cyclosporine, for treating keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS) in dogs. This study was a two-phase, randomized, controlled, masked clinical trial. Phase 1 evaluated ophthalmic 0.