No interface energy barrier and increased surface pinning in low temperature baked niobium.

Superconducting Radio-Frequency cavities are currently made out of niobium. Niobium cavities are limited by the magnetic field on the cavity walls due to the entry of vortices at the field of first vortex penetration, H[Formula: see text]. Low temperature baking in vacuum or low pressure gas atmosphere removes the strong decrease of the quality factor with accelerating gradient (high field Q-slope).

The entrapment of chiral guests with gated baskets: can a kinetic discrimination of enantiomers be governed through gating?

The capacity of gated hosts for controlling a kinetic discrimination between stereoisomers is yet to be understood. To conduct corresponding studies, however, one needs to develop chiral, but modular and gated hosts. Accordingly, we used computational (RI-BP86/TZVP//RI-BP86/SV(P)) and experimental (NMR/CD/UV/Vis spectroscopy) methods to examine the transfer of chirality in gated baskets.

A stereodynamic and redox-switchable encapsulation-complex containing a copper ion held by a tris-quinolinyl basket.

We investigated the coordination of Cu(I)/Cu(II) ions to chiral basket (S(3))-1. The results of both experimental and computational studies suggest the formation of a copper redox-switchable system capable of entrapping CH(3)CN.

Design, preparation, and study of catalytic gated baskets.

We report a diastereoselective synthetic method to obtain a family of catalytic molecular baskets containing a spacious cavity (~570 Å(3)). These supramolecular catalysts were envisioned, via the process of gating, to control the access of substrates to the embedded catalytic center and thereby modulate the outcome of chemical reactions. In particular, gated basket 1 comprises a porphyrin "floor" fused to four phthalimide "side walls" each carrying a revolving aromatic "gate".

Substrate-mediated fidelity mechanism ensures accurate decoding of proline codons.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases attach specific amino acids to cognate tRNAs. Prolyl-tRNA synthetases are known to mischarge tRNA(Pro) with the smaller amino acid alanine and with cysteine, which is the same size as proline. Quality control in proline codon translation is partly ensured by an editing domain (INS) present in most bacterial prolyl-tRNA synthetases that hydrolyzes smaller Ala-tRNA(Pro) and excludes Pro-tRNA(Pro).

Direct aldol reactions catalyzed by intramolecularly folded prolinamide dendrons: dendrimer effects on stereoselectivity.

Dendritic effects on both the enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity of the direct aldol reaction were observed for pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide dendrons terminated with L-prolinamides.