Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS): Development of a New Sinonasal Polyp Grading Scale.

Objective: Commonly used endoscopic grading scales, such as the nasal polyp scale, inadequately describe the degree of polyposis found postoperatively in the paranasal sinus cavities. The purpose of this study was to create a novel grading system that more accurately characterizes polyp recurrence in postoperative sinus cavities, the Postoperative Polyp Scale (POPS).

Methods: A modified Delphi method was utilized to establish the POPS using consensus opinion among 13 general otolaryngologists, rhinologists, and allergists.

One-carbon metabolism-related micronutrients intake and risk for hepatocellular carcinoma: A prospective cohort study.

Deficient intake of micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism (eg, choline, methionine, vitamin B and folic acid) leads to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in rodents, but is under-investigated in humans. We investigated the association between one-carbon metabolism-related micronutrient intake and HCC risk in a prospective cohort of 494 860 participants with 16 years of follow-up in the NIH-AARP study. Dietary intakes and supplement use were ascertained at baseline using a food-frequency questionnaire.