Whither the virtuous cycle? Past and future trends in black-white inequality in educational attainment.

The inequality in the relative years of education between blacks and whites has diminished dramatically over the 20th century. One possible explanation for this convergence is a virtuous cycle of parents passing on educational advantage, from one generation to the next, leading to an overall educational upgrading. In this paper we test the virtuous cycle hypothesis by estimating the three way interaction of cohort, race, and family background.

Nine-year safety with self-sealing corneal tunnel incision in clear cornea cataract surgery.

Objective: To determine the safety of clear cornea cataract surgery using a self-sealing corneal tunnel incision.

Study Design: Prospective noncomparative consecutive case series.

Participants: A total of 3500 consecutive clear cornea topical anesthesia cataract surgeries performed by one surgeon between January 1994 and May 2003 were included.