Common Orthopaedic Injuries in CrossFit Athletes.

CrossFit is a high-intensity exercise program that has gained popularity over the past few decades. CrossFit combines movements from Olympic weight lifting, gymnastics, powerlifting, and high-intensity interval training. As CrossFit continues to expand, knowledge of the associated orthopaedic injuries to aid providers in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention will be increasingly important.

Hybrid Transtibial Femoral Preparation for Transphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Radiographic Comparison With the Transtibial and Anteromedial Portal Techniques.

Background: Transphyseal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains the most commonly used technique for pubescent patients. The transtibial (TT) drilling technique creates vertical and central femoral tunnels to minimize the physeal area of injury at the expense of a nonanatomic femoral tunnel. The hybrid TT (HTT) technique offers the potential of an anatomic femoral position with tunnel geometry similar to that using the TT technique.

Rotator cuff to deltoid and pectoralis tendon to anatomic neck distances: methods for anatomic restoration of humeral height and tuberosity position in proximal humerus fractures for operative fixation and arthroplasty.

Introduction: Proper anatomic tuberosity reduction and restoration of humeral height during surgical treatment of proximal humerus fractures leads to fewer complications and better outcomes. In the presence of significant displacement and comminution in proximal humerus fractures, the assessment of the correct tuberosity position and humeral height can be challenging. The goal of this cadaveric study was to provide new and useful measurements for intraoperative guidance of proper tuberosity position and humeral height when treating proximal humerus fractures with open reduction internal fixation, anatomic hemiarthroplasty, or reverse total shoulder arthroplasty.

Risk of suprascapular nerve injury during glenoid baseplate fixation for reverse total shoulder arthroplasty: a cadaveric study.

Background: Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) is an effective treatment for patients with advanced rotator cuff arthropathy. During implantation of the glenoid baseplate, screws are inserted through the glenoid face into the scapular body to achieve adequate fixation. Placement of peripheral baseplate screws in the superior and posterior glenoid may increase the risk of injury to the suprascapular nerve (SSN).

Rare Isolated Pectoralis Minor Tear from a Noncontact Injury: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Isolated pectoralis minor tears are rare orthopedic injuries often in weightlifters or contact sports and should be included in the differential when evaluating athletes with anterior shoulder pain. These injuries are often mistaken for pectoralis major muscle stains and tears. Advanced imaging with MRI helps define the anatomic location and grade of injury.

Professional and Amateur Pitchers' Perspective on the Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury Risk.

Background: Medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injury is increasingly prevalent in professional baseball pitchers, and significant research has been devoted to understanding the risk factors and prevention strategies associated with it. To date, no study has investigated what the players themselves believe causes and prevents the injury.

Purpose: To evaluate the opinions of UCL injuries among pitchers, including professional athletes.

Artistic Gymnastics Injuries; Epidemiology, Evaluation, and Treatment.

Artistic gymnastics is a physically demanding sport that requires flexibility, agility, and extreme upper and lower body strength. The specific biomechanics of the sport leads to a unique injury profile. Gymnastic skills require intense upper body weight-bearing, placing unusual forces across the upper extremity joints and predisposing them to injury.

Elbow Arthroscopy for Treatment of Valgus Extension Overload.

Valgus extension overload syndrome (VEO) is the result of supraphysiologic stresses placed across the posterior elbow during pitching. Following failure of nonoperative measures, surgical options consist of arthroscopic or limited incision posteromedial decompression. Although technically challenging, arthroscopic treatment offers many advantages over open treatment, including improved joint visualization, decreased soft-tissue dissection, decreased postoperative pain, and quicker rehabilitation.

Outcomes Following Posterior and Posterolateral Plating of Distal Fibula Fractures.

Ankle fractures are common orthopaedic injuries often requiring open reduction and internal fixation. A variety of positions for plate placement exist for surgical fixation of distal fibula fractures, including direct lateral, posterior, or posterolateral. Direct lateral is more common, despite evidence that posterior and posterolateral placement is mechanically superior.

Elbow Arthroscopy: 30-Day Postoperative Complication Profile and Associated Risk Factors.

Purpose: To analyze (1) the incidence and type of complications after elbow arthroscopy, (2) the incidence of returning to the operating room (OR) after elbow arthroscopy, and (3) patient and risk factors for complications across a national surgical outcome database.

Methods: Patients who underwent elbow arthroscopy from January 2005 through December 2014 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database by use of Current Procedural Terminology codes. Basic patient demographic data and medical comorbidities were recorded.

Transcriptomic analysis of synovial extracellular RNA following knee trauma: A pilot study.

Traumatic knee injuries often result in damage to articular cartilage and other joint structures. Such trauma is a strong risk factor for the future development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways modulating response to knee joint trauma remain unclear.

Double Plating of Distal Fibula Fractures.

Introduction: Distal fibula fractures are common orthopaedic injuries that often require open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) to anatomically reduce the fracture and minimize the risk of posttraumatic arthritis. In certain clinical situations, stouter fixation may be advantageous to decrease the risk of fixation failure. In this study, the authors report on 12 patients who underwent distal fibula ORIF with 2 one-third tubular plates.

Regional Differential Genetic Response of Human Articular Cartilage to Impact Injury.

Objective: Normal physiological movement creates different weightbearing zones within a human knee: the medial condyle bearing the highest and the trochlea bearing the lowest weight. Adaptation to different physiological loading conditions results in different tissue and cellular properties within a knee. The objective of this study was to use microarray analysis to examine gene expression differences among three anatomical regions of human knee articular cartilage at baseline and following induction of an acute impact injury.

Cardiac performance, biomarkers and gene expression studies in previously sedentary men participating in half-marathon training.

Background: The mechanisms through which exercise reduces cardiovascular disease are not fully understood. We used echocardiograms, cardiac biomarkers and gene expression to investigate cardiovascular effects associated with exercise training.

Methods: Nineteen sedentary men (22-37 years) completed a 17-week half-marathon training program.

Emerging Applications of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine to Sports Injuries.

Background: The treatment of sports-related musculoskeletal injuries with stem cells has become more publicized because of recent reports of high-profile athletes undergoing stem cell procedures. There has been increased interest in defining the parameters of safety and efficacy and the indications for potential use of stem cells in clinical practice.

Purpose: To review the role of regenerative medicine in the treatment of sports-related injuries.

Accelerated head growth in early development of individuals with autism.

Macrocephaly is one of the most consistent physical findings reported in autistic individuals. Previous studies attempted to determine if macrocephaly is associated with risk for autism. This study hypothesizes that an abnormal acceleration in head growth during early development, rather than macrocephaly, is associated with autism risk.