The impact of metformin on weight and metabolic parameters in patients with obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

There are conflicting data on the weight-reducing potential of metformin (MTF) in nondiabetic patients with obesity. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of MTF on weight and cardiometabolic parameters in adults with overweight/obesity with or without nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (CRD42018085512). We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in adults without diabetes mellitus, with mean body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m, with or without NAFLD, comparing MTF to placebo/control, lifestyle modification (LSM) or a US Food and Drug Administration-approved anti-obesity drug, reporting on weight or metabolic parameters, and extending over at least 3 months.

Risk of Postoperative Renal Failure in Radical Nephrectomy and Nephroureterectomy: A Validated Risk Prediction Model.

Introduction: The study aimed to construct and validate a risk prediction model for incidence of postoperative renal failure (PORF) following radical nephrectomy and nephroureterectomy.

Methods: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database years 2005-2014 were used for the derivation cohort. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, and the final model was validated with an independent cohort from the ACS-NSQIP database years 2015-2017.

Vitamin D Supplementation and Fractures in Adults: A Systematic Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Controlled Trials.

Context: The growing number of systematic reviews/meta-analyses (SR/MAs) on vitamin D (± calcium) for fracture prevention has led to contradictory guidelines.

Objective: This umbrella review aims to assess the quality and explore the reasons for the discrepancy of SR/MAs of trials on vitamin D supplementation for fracture risk reduction in adults.

Methods: We searched 4 databases (2010-2020), Epistemonikos, and references of included SRs/MAs, and we contacted experts in the field.

Vitamin D3 Dose Requirement That Raises 25-Hydroxyvitamin D to Desirable Level in Overweight and Obese Elderly.

Context: Guidelines for the dosage of vitamin D supplementation vary widely globally.

Objective: To investigate the impact of 2 vitamin D doses, bracketed between the IOM recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and the upper tolerable limit, on vitamin D nutritional status in elderly individuals.

Methods: This post hoc analysis of data collected from a 12-month, double-blind, randomized control trial included 221 ambulatory participants (≥ 65 years) with a mean BMI of 30.