Spatial and temporal coordination of Duox/TrpA1/Dh31 and IMD pathways is required for the efficient elimination of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine of larvae.

Multiple gut antimicrobial mechanisms are coordinated in space and time to efficiently fight foodborne pathogens. In , production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) together with intestinal cell renewal play a key role in eliminating gut microbes. A complementary mechanism would be to isolate and treat pathogenic bacteria while allowing colonization by commensals.

Acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation treated with superselective embolization: Case report.

Acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation is a rare condition, sometimes provoking abnormal life-threatening uterine hemorrhage. Here, we present the case of a 30-year-old healthy woman who developed heavy vaginal bleeding after dilatation and suctioning of the placenta 1 month after the delivery of a nonviable fetus. An ultrasound was performed which showed the appearance of a large exacerbation of a vessel with positive fetal sounds, normal cardiac movement, and normal morphological analysis.

toxins divert progenitor cells toward enteroendocrine fate by decreasing cell adhesion with intestinal stem cells in .

subsp. () is a strong pathogen toward lepidopteran larvae thanks to specific Cry toxins causing leaky gut phenotypes. Hence, and its toxins are used worldwide as microbial insecticide and in genetically modified crops, respectively, to fight crop pests.

imports spermidine by a member of the amino acid/polyamine antiporter family to endure citric acid stress at the vaginal pH.

Polyamines bind to various cellular components, such as nucleic acids, phospholipids, proteins and nucleotides. They are involved in the virulence and protection against physiological stresses of several bacterial species. is able to colonize the vaginal tract of asymptomatic pregnant women and to resist, by an as yet poorly characterized mechanism, pH 4.

Two Isoforms of Containing Either One or Two GATA Zinc Fingers Provide Functional Diversity During Development.

GATA transcription factors play crucial roles in various developmental processes in organisms ranging from flies to humans. In mammals, GATA factors are characterized by the presence of two highly conserved domains, the N-terminal (N-ZnF) and the C-terminal (C-ZnF) zinc fingers. The GATA factor Serpent (Srp) is produced in different isoforms that contains either both N-ZnF and C-ZnF (SrpNC) or only the C-ZnF (SrpC).

Investigation of the polyamine biosynthetic and transport capability of : the non-essential PotABCD transporter.

Polyamines constitute a group of organic polycations positively charged at physiological pH. They are involved in a large variety of biological processes, including the protection against physiological stress. In this study, we show that the genome of , a commensal bacterium of the intestine and the vagina and one of the most common agents responsible of neonate infections, does not encode proteins homologous to the specific enzymes involved in the known polyamine synthetic pathways.

Steroid-dependent switch of OvoL/Shavenbaby controls self-renewal versus differentiation of intestinal stem cells.

Adult stem cells must continuously fine-tune their behavior to regenerate damaged organs and avoid tumors. While several signaling pathways are well known to regulate somatic stem cells, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Here, we demonstrate a cell-intrinsic role for the OvoL family transcription factor, Shavenbaby (Svb), in balancing self-renewal and differentiation of Drosophila intestinal stem cells.

Data on the link between genomic integration of IS and lineage of the strain obtained by bioinformatic analyses of sequenced genomes of available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information database.

IS, a 1316-bp element of the IS family affects the expression of several genes of the opportunistic pathogen Furthermore, certain lineages of are more frequently associated to particular diseases than other [1, 2]. We took advantage of the release of the genome sequences of a huge number of epidemiologically unrelated strains of various origin to analyze the prevalence of IS among strains. To this end, genome available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database were blasted with IS DNA sequences.

Enteric infection induces Lark-mediated intron retention at the 5' end of Drosophila genes.

Background: RNA splicing is a key post-transcriptional mechanism that generates protein diversity and contributes to the fine-tuning of gene expression, which may facilitate adaptation to environmental challenges. Here, we employ a systems approach to study alternative splicing changes upon enteric infection in females from classical Drosophila melanogaster strains as well as 38 inbred lines.

Results: We find that infection leads to extensive differences in isoform ratios, which results in a more diverse transcriptome with longer 5' untranslated regions (5'UTRs).

cis-regulatory variation modulates susceptibility to enteric infection in the Drosophila genetic reference panel.

Background: Resistance to enteric pathogens is a complex trait at the crossroads of multiple biological processes. We have previously shown in the Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) that resistance to infection is highly heritable, but our understanding of how the effects of genetic variants affect different molecular mechanisms to determine gut immunocompetence is still limited.

Results: To address this, we perform a systems genetics analysis of the gut transcriptomes from 38 DGRP lines that were orally infected with Pseudomonas entomophila.

An Intra-Operatively Diagnosed Case of Hemorrhagic Cholecystitis in a 43-year-old Patient: Case Report.

BACKGROUND Hemorrhagic cholecystitis is an uncommon occurrence in the setting of gallbladder pathology. It is a rare complication of acute cholecystitis that may have a misleading presentation and workup, making it challenging to diagnose pre-operatively. CASE REPORT We report the case of a 43-year-old female who presented for severe epigastric pain with nausea and vomiting and whose imaging was in favor of acute cholecystitis.

Comparative Analysis of Midgut Regeneration Capacity and Resistance to Oral Infection in Three Disease-Vector Mosquitoes.

Mosquitoes acquire the pathogens they transmit through ingestion, and the insects' gut constitutes the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Indeed the gut epithelium acts as a physical barrier, activates local antimicrobial peptides production and triggers the systemic immune response. Consequently, gut epithelium is constantly confronted to stress and often suffers cellular damage.

Dual and divergent transcriptional impact of IS1548 insertion upstream of the peptidoglycan biosynthesis gene murB of Streptococcus agalactiae.

Fourteen different insertion sequences belonging to seven families were identified in the genome of Streptococcus agalactiae. Among them, IS1548, a mobile element of the ISAs1 family, was linked to clonal complex (CC) 19 strains associated with neonatal meningitis and endocarditis. IS1548 impacts S.

Idiopathic Ileo-Ileo-Cecal Intussuception in a 25-Year-Old Female.

BACKGROUND Intussusception is defined as the penetration or telescoping of a segment of bowel into a more distal segment. Intussusception is a common cause of small bowel obstruction, especially in children. However, this finding is much less common in adults.

Pitfalls of Diagnosing Left Lower Quadrant Pain Causes: Making the Uncommon Common Again.

BACKGROUND Left-sided acute appendicitis, although well described in the literature, is still an easily missed diagnosis. Midgut malrotation and situs inversus are 2 known leading conditions that contribute to misdiagnosis of appendicitis. CASE REPORT Here is the case of a 27-year-old male without any previous medical history, who presented with left lower quadrant tenderness and was misdiagnosed with gastroenteritis as an outpatient and sent home; the patient presented the next day to the emergency department where he was found to have acute appendicitis with situs inversus.

Shavenbaby and Yorkie mediate Hippo signaling to protect adult stem cells from apoptosis.

To compensate for accumulating damages and cell death, adult homeostasis (e.g., body fluids and secretion) requires organ regeneration, operated by long-lived stem cells.

The DH31/CGRP enteroendocrine peptide triggers intestinal contractions favoring the elimination of opportunistic bacteria.

The digestive tract is the first organ affected by the ingestion of foodborne bacteria. While commensal bacteria become resident, opportunistic or virulent bacteria are eliminated from the gut by the local innate immune system. Here we characterize a new mechanism of defense, independent of the immune system, in Drosophila melanogaster.

Leishmania in a Patient with Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma/Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.

BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is a parasitic infection spread by the bite of infected sand flies that are usually present in the Middle East, Africa, and some parts of Asia and Europe. Leishmaniasis manifests in 3 different forms: Visceral (also known as Kala Azar), which is the most serious type; cutaneous, which is the most common type; and mucocutaneous. The symptoms of this infection range from a silent infection to fever, enlargement of the liver and spleen, weight loss, and pancytopenia.

Foreign Body Ingestion Causing Recurrent Diverticulitis.

BACKGROUND Ingested foreign bodies (IFBs) are usually asymptomatic and are excreted uneventfully. IFBs become a major concern in elderly patients due to the increase number of diverticuloses where the foreign body can lodge and cause severe complications. CASE REPORT We report a case of an elderly patient who ingested a chicken bone that caused recurrent diverticulitis.

Damage-Induced Cell Regeneration in the Midgut of Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes.

Mosquito-transmitted diseases cause over one million deaths every year. A better characterization of the vector's physiology and immunity should provide valuable knowledge for the elaboration of control strategies. Mosquitoes depend on their innate immunity to defend themselves against pathogens.

Genetic, molecular and physiological basis of variation in Drosophila gut immunocompetence.

Gut immunocompetence involves immune, stress and regenerative processes. To investigate the determinants underlying inter-individual variation in gut immunocompetence, we perform enteric infection of 140 Drosophila lines with the entomopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas entomophila and observe extensive variation in survival. Using genome-wide association analysis, we identify several novel immune modulators.

All for one and one for all: Regionalization of the Drosophila intestine.

Physiological responses are the ultimate outcomes of the functional interactions and proper organization of the different cell types that make up an organ. The digestive tract represents a good example where such structure/function correlation is manifested. To date, the molecular mechanisms that establish and/or maintain gut segmentation and functional specialization remain poorly understood.

Morphological and molecular characterization of adult midgut compartmentalization in Drosophila.

Although the gut is a central organ of Eumetazoans and is essential for organismal health, our understanding of its morphological and molecular determinants remains rudimentary. Here, we provide a comprehensive atlas of Drosophila adult midgut. Specifically, we uncover a fine-grained regional organization consisting of 14 subregions with distinct morphological, histological, and genetic properties.