Toxicity of different-sized cobalt ferrite (CoFeO) nanoparticles to Oncorhynchus mykiss at early development stages.

As innovative and versatile agents with potential applications in a wide range of fields including medicine, electronics, wastewater treatment, cosmetics, and energy storage devices, magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are significant attention. However, our knowledge of the harmful effects of different-sized NPs, particularly of their effects on aquatic animals, is limited. In this study, we evaluated the impact of different-sized (sub-2, 5, and 15 nm) cobalt ferrite (CoFeO) NPs on the biological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos and larvae.

A multiscale study of the effects of a diet containing CdSe/ZnS-COOH quantum dots on Salmo trutta fario L.: Potential feed-related nanotoxicity.

Quantum dots (QDs) receive widespread attention in industrial and biomedical fields, but the risks posed by the use of nanoparticles to aquatic organisms and the associated toxicological effects are still not well understood. In this study, effects of the 7-day dietary exposure of Salmo trutta fario L. juveniles to CdSe/ZnS-COOH QDs were evaluated at molecular, cellular, physiological and whole-organism levels.

Interactions of semiconductor Cd-based quantum dots and Cd with gut bacteria isolated from wild fry.

Background: With the rapid development of nanotechnology, more and more nanoproducts are being released into the environment where they may both pose ecological risks and be toxic to living organisms. The ecotoxicological impact of quantum dots (QDs), a class of nanoparticles (NPs), on aquatic organisms is becoming an emerging issue, this due to their nano-specific properties, to the physico-chemical transformation in the environment and to the possible release of toxic metals from their structure such as Cd.

Methods: In this work, (i) spectroscopic measurements of commercially available Cd-based QDs (CdSe/ZnS-COOH) were made at various pH values (5.

Impact evaluation of marking Salmo trutta with Alizarin Red S produced by different manufacturers.

Fish otolith marking with the alizarin dye is a commonly used tool in sustainable fishery management. However, the reported effects of this dye on fish health are rather controversial and are possibly linked to differences in the composition of different brands of Alizarin red S (ARS). Laboratory experiments designed to elucidate effects of different concentrations of theoretically the same ARS as indicated by the CAS (Chemical Abstracts Service) number on fish at different development stages were carried out.

Juvenile fish responses to sublethal leachate concentrations: comparison of sensitivity of different behavioral endpoints.

The aim of the present study was to investigate changes in the locomotor activity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles under the impact (2 h) of landfill leachate (as a multicomponent mixture) based on different endpoints such as average, maximum and angular velocities, movement duration, body mobility, and blood glucose level. Fish were exposed to five different sublethal leachate concentrations (0, 0.0625, 0.

Rapidness- and Sensitivity-Based Comparison of Behavioral and Respiratory Responses of European Perch and Rainbow Trout to Metal Mixture Exposure.

The aim of the study was to investigate acute (96-h LC50) toxicity of the complex metal (Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni and Cr) mixture (MIX) to European perch (Perca fluviatilis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and to examine differences between locomotor and respiratory endpoints based on rapidness and sensitivity of fish responses to short-term (2 h) metal mixture exposure. MIX was prepared taking into consideration the maximum-permissible-concentrations (MPC) set for these metals in EU inland waters (Directive 2008/105/EC). The studied behavioral and respiratory responses of O.

Embryotoxicity of Quantum Dots in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss During the Hatching Period.

Due to the active development and application of nanotechnology, nanoparticles have emerged as a new class of environmental pollutants. The aim of the study was to investigate quantum dots (QDs) access routes and distribution in embryos and larvae of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and to determine the toxicity of QDs to rainbow trout larvae depending on the duration of exposure. CdSe/ZnS-COOH QDs at sublethal concentration was used during the toxicity test (1, 4 and 14 days).

Interaction of carboxylated CdSe/ZnS quantum dots with fish embryos: Towards understanding of nanoparticles toxicity.

Due to colloidal instability even with protective coatings, nanoparticles tend to aggregate in complex environments and possibly interact with biota. In this study, visualization of quantum dots (QDs) interaction with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) embryos was performed. Studies on zebrafish (Danio rerio) and pearl gourami (Trichogaster leerii) embryos have shown that QDs interact with embryos in a general manner and their affects are independent on the type of the embryo.

Rapid Detection of Sublethal Toxicity Using Locomotor Activity of Rainbow Trout Juveniles.

This study examined changes in locomotor activity of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles exposed to sublethal concentrations of hexavalent chromium (Cr) (as a single pollutant) and landfill leachate (as an complex mixture of mainly organic compounds, including trace amounts of metals). Fish were first examined for baseline behavior patterns for 3 h to determine the appropriate duration of acclimation and the control level. The average velocity of fish was found to be the most informative among other endpoints throughout the 3 h long acclimation.

The profound effect of harmful cyanobacterial blooms: From food-web and management perspectives.

Sustainable and effective water management plans must have a reliable risk assessment strategies for harmful cyanobacterial blooms (HABs) that would enable timely decisions to be made, thus avoiding the trespassing of ecological thresholds, leading to the collapse of ecosystem structure and function. Such strategies are usually based on cyanobacterial biomass and/or on the monitoring of known toxins, which may, however, in many cases, under- or over-represent the actual toxicity of the HAB. Therefore, in this study, by the application of growth-inhibition assays using different bacteria, algae, zooplankton and fish species, we assessed the toxicological potential of two cyanobacterial blooms that differed in total cyanobacterial biomass, species composition and cyanopeptide profiles.

Evaluation of toxic and genotoxic effects of low-level 137Cs ionising radiation on plants.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of low internal exposure to 137Cs on L. sativum meristem cells and Tradescantia stamen hair cells. It also compared the impact of 137Cs internal and external irradiation of similar level on the plant seed germination and root growth.

Assessment of toxic interactions of heavy metals in a multicomponent mixture using Lepidium sativum and Spirodela polyrrhiza.

The toxicities of copper, chromium, cadmium, nickel, manganese, zinc, and lead ions and various concentrations of mixtures of them were studied using the aquatic plant Spirodela polyrrhiza and the terrestrial plant Lepidium sativum. The composition of the model mixture was based on average analytical data of the annual amounts of representative heavy metals (HM) in wastewater discharged from the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (Lithuania) during 1996. The observed and predicted effects of the HM mixture on tested plants were evaluated and compared with the prediction models used in describing the toxic interactions of heavy metals in the mixture.

Toxicity to Tradescantia of technogenic radionuclides and their mixture with heavy metals.

The genotoxic effects on Tradescantia of (137)Cs, (90)Sr, and (236, 242)Pu, a heavy metal mixture [Cd, Cr(VI), Cu, Mn(II), Ni, Pb, Zn] and of a complex mixture of these toxicants were determined. The impact of radionuclides on plants subjected to ionizing radiation exposure was estimated. The number of somatic mutations and the quantity of nonviable stamen hairs were used as end points in the testing.