Methanol Activation: Strategies for Utilization of Methanol as C1 Building Block in Sustainable Organic Synthesis.

The development of efficient and sustainable chemical processes which use greener reagents and solvents, currently play an important role in current research. Methanol, a cheap and readily available resource from chemical industry, could be activated by transition metal catalysts. This review focuses in covering the recent five-years literature and provides a systematic summary of strategies for methanol activation and the use in organic chemistry.

FeBr-catalysed synthesis of 3-aroylimidazo[1,2-]pyridine and 3,3'-(arylmethylene)bis(2-phenylimidazo[1,2-]pyridines) derivatives from 2-arylimidazo[1,2-]pyridines and aromatic aldehydes: an investigation about mechanistic insights.

In a new approach, a series of 3-aroylimidazo[1,2-]pyridine derivatives were prepared in high yields. This approach revealed the direct Fe-catalyzed functionalization of imidazo[1,2-]pyridine derivatives with aryl aldehydes an aerobic oxidative cross-dehydrogenative coupling process. This transformation occurred in the presence of air, and FeBr served as a homogeneous Lewis catalyst.

Computationally defined and in vitro validated putative genomic safe harbour loci for transgene expression in human cells.

Selection of the target site is an inherent question for any project aiming for directed transgene integration. Genomic safe harbour (GSH) loci have been proposed as safe sites in the human genome for transgene integration. Although several sites have been characterised for transgene integration in the literature, most of these do not meet criteria set out for a GSH and the limited set that do have not been characterised extensively.

Facile access to 5-thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[4,5-]indole derivatives by two-fold Cu-catalysed C-N coupling reactions.

In four simple steps, a series of 5-thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[4,5-]indole and 11-benzo[4',5']thiazolo[2',3':2,3]imidazo[4,5-]indole derivatives were prepared with high yields. The key step in this procedure was demonstrated to be two-fold Cu-catalysed C-N coupling reactions of 5-bromo-6-(2-bromophenyl)imidazo[2,1-]thiazole and 3-bromo-2-(2-bromophenyl)benzo[]imidazo[2,1-]thiazole with various amines.

Endocytosis of red blood cell extracellular vesicles by macrophages leads to cytoplasmic heme release and prevents foam cell formation in atherosclerosis.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be produced from red blood cells (RBCs) on a large scale and used to deliver therapeutic payloads efficiently. However, not much is known about the native biological properties of RBCEVs. Here, we demonstrate that RBCEVs are primarily taken up by macrophages and monocytes.

Practical Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines on Heterogeneous Sulfonicmodified Silica (SBA-15-SOH) Catalyst Under Mild Condition.

Aims: Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridines (1,4-DHP) using heterogeneous catalyst under mild condition.

Objective: Our objective is to explore new applications of non-metal heterogeneous catalysts in the synthesis of 1,4-DHP derivatives in a greener and more efficient approach.

Methods: A greener and more efficient method for the synthesis of 1,4-DHPs and an asymmetric 1,4-DHP (Felodipine drug) was successfully developed in high yields using a heterogeneous SBA- 15-SOH catalyst.

Extracellular vesicles and lipoproteins - Smart messengers of blood cells in the circulation.

Blood cell-derived extracellular vesicles (BCEVs) and lipoproteins are the major circulating nanoparticles in blood that play an important role in intercellular communication. They have attracted significant interest for clinical applications, given their endogenous characteristics which make them stable, biocompatible, well tolerated, and capable of permeating biological barriers efficiently. In this review, we describe the basic characteristics of BCEVs and lipoproteins and summarize their implications in both physiological and pathological processes.

Photocatalytic Activity of Ti-SBA-15/C3N4 for Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid in Water under Visible Light.

In the present study, the photocatalytic activity of Ti-SBA-15/CN catalysts was investigated to degrade 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) herbicides in water under visible light irradiation. The catalysts were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method and characterized by various analytical techniques, including SAXS, N adsorption-desorption isotherms, Zeta potential, PL, FT-IR, XRF, TGA, and UV-DRS. Our study indicated that the 2.

Effects of acute severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection on male hormone profile, and expression, and potential for transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in semen of Asian men.

Objective: To confirm if severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be detected in semen of men with acute coronavirus disease 2019 and if their male hormone profile (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, sex hormone binding globulin, and free androgen index) is adversely affected during the acute phase of infection and any relation to the and/or expression in human semen.

Design: Clinical study.

Setting: National University Hospital, Singapore.

Study on the Synthesis of Chabazite Zeolites via Interzeolite Conversion of Faujasites.

The interzeolite conversion of faujasite (FAU-type) zeolites to chabazite (CHA-type) zeolite in the presence of N,N,N-trimethyladamantammonium and N,N,N-dimethylethylcyclohexylammonium cations was investigated over a large compositional range by carefully controlling the reaction mixture compositions. Highly crystalline CHA zeolites were also obtained by the transformation of several zeolite types including EMT, LTL, LEV, RTH, and MFI frameworks. The formation of CHA zeolite from FAU zeolite precursors was substantially faster than that from zeolite L with a similar composition.

SRSF3 maintains transcriptome integrity in oocytes by regulation of alternative splicing and transposable elements.

The RNA-binding protein SRSF3 (also known as SRp20) has critical roles in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing. Zygotic knockout of results in embryo arrest at the blastocyst stage. However, SRSF3 is also present in oocytes, suggesting that it might be critical as a maternally inherited factor.

The STAT3 Target Mettl8 Regulates Mouse ESC Differentiation via Inhibiting the JNK Pathway.

The capacity of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) to differentiate into all lineages of mature organism is precisely regulated by cellular signaling factors. STAT3 is a crucial transcription factor that plays a central role in maintaining ESC identity. However, the underlying mechanism by which STAT3 directs differentiation is still not completely understood.

Stella modulates transcriptional and endogenous retrovirus programs during maternal-to-zygotic transition.

The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) marks the period when the embryonic genome is activated and acquires control of development. Maternally inherited factors play a key role in this critical developmental process, which occurs at the 2-cell stage in mice. We investigated the function of the maternally inherited factor Stella (encoded by ) using single-cell/embryo approaches.

A genetic and developmental pathway from STAT3 to the OCT4-NANOG circuit is essential for maintenance of ICM lineages in vivo.

Although it is known that OCT4-NANOG are required for maintenance of pluripotent cells in vitro, the upstream signals that regulate this circuit during early development in vivo have not been identified. Here we demonstrate, for the first time, signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3)-dependent regulation of the OCT4-NANOG circuitry necessary to maintain the pluripotent inner cell mass (ICM), the source of in vitro-derived embryonic stem cells (ESCs). We show that STAT3 is highly expressed in mouse oocytes and becomes phosphorylated and translocates to the nucleus in the four-cell and later stage embryos.

Syndecan-2 and decorin: proteoglycans with a difference--implications in keloid pathogenesis.

Background: Growth factors and cytokines involved in the wound healing process seem to be immobilized at the cell surface and extracellular matrix via binding with proteoglycans, making them important modulators of cell dynamics. Our aim was to investigate the expression of two proteoglycans, namely syndecan-2 and decorin, and to elucidate their role in the pathogenesis of an aberrant wound healing process leading to keloid scar.

Methods: Intrinsic expression of syndecan-2, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and decorin in keloid tissue was investigated using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.

Upregulation of secretory connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in keratinocyte-fibroblast coculture contributes to keloid pathogenesis.

Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a critical role in keloid pathogenesis by promoting collagen synthesis and deposition. Previous work suggested epithelial-mesenchymal interactions as a plausible factor affecting the expression of various growth factors and cytokines by both the epithelial and dermal mesenchymal cells. The aim of this study is to explore the role of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in modulating CTGF expression.