Neuroligin-3 R451C induces gain-of-function gene expression in astroglia in an astroglia-enriched brain organoid model.

Astroglia are integral to brain development and the emergence of neurodevelopmental disorders. However, studying the pathophysiology of human astroglia using brain organoid models has been hindered by inefficient astrogliogenesis. In this study, we introduce a robust method for generating astroglia-enriched organoids through BMP4 treatment during the neural differentiation phase of organoid development.

Methane production related to microbiota in dairy cattle feces.

Methane (CH) emission from livestock feces, led by ruminants, shows a profound impact on global warming. Despite this, we have almost no information on the syntrophy of the intact microbiome metabolisms, from carbohydrates to the one-carbon units, covering multiple stages of ruminant development. In this study, syntrophic effects of polysaccharide degradation and acetate-producing bacteria, and methanogenic archaea were revealed through metagenome-assembled genomes from water saturated dairy cattle feces.

Microbiota-induced asymmetry in coastal methane emission potential under experimental precipitation gradients.

Climate models predict that the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events will increase globally. Despite carbon budget in coastal wetlands is known to be sensitive to precipitation variability, in where CH productions and potential mechanisms remain poorly understood. We investigated CH emission potential and its drivers after 7-year of field experiments with five precipitation gradients (-60%, -40%, ambient condition, +40%, +60%) in Yellow River Delta, China.

Associations between NCLBP, spinal sagittal alignment and age groups: a cross-sectional cohort study.

Purpose: Nonspecific chronic low back pain (NCLBP) is one of the most common manifestations of degenerative spondylitis. It affects many patients of all ages and seriously interferes with quality of life. However, the associations between NCLBP, sagittal alignment and age remain unclear.

Maxillary Sinus Mucosa Preservation Versus Mucosal Sacrifice: Radiographic Outcomes After Inferior Maxillectomy and Soft-Tissue Free Flap Reconstruction.

Background: This study evaluates the impact of maxillary sinus mucosa preservation on radiographic outcomes after an inferior maxillectomy and soft-tissue free flap reconstruction.

Methods: A total of 90 patients in two cohorts (mucosal sacrifice versus mucosa preservation) were evaluated from an institutional dataset. Imaging was reviewed at set time points and sinus scores were allotted based on a modification of the Lund-MacKay system.

Physician perspectives of clinical performance feedback and impact on well-being: a qualitative exploration.

Objectives: Providing clinical performance feedback to physicians is an established method to improve care, but the impact on physician well-being is unclear. This evaluation aimed to better understand physician perspectives on clinical feedback and its potential impact on well-being.

Design: A qualitative design using semi-structured interviews was undertaken.

A Satellite-Based Indicator for Diagnosing Particulate Nitrate Sensitivity to Precursor Emissions: Application to East Asia, Europe, and North America.

Particulate nitrate is a major component of fine particulate matter (PM) and a key target for improving air quality. Its formation is varyingly sensitive to emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO ≡ NO + NO), ammonia (NH), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Diagnosing the dominant sensitivity is critical for effective pollution control.

Unlocking nitrogen management potential via large-scale farming for air quality and substantial co-benefits.

China's sustained air quality improvement is hindered by unregulated ammonia (NH) emissions from inefficient nitrogen management in smallholder farming. Although the Chinese government is promoting a policy shift to large-scale farming, the benefits of this, when integrated with nitrogen management, remain unclear. Here we fill this gap using an integrated assessment, by combining geostatistical analysis, high-resolution emission inventories, farm surveys and air quality modeling.

Selinexor in combination with dexamethasone with or without bortezomib in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma: A case series.

This report describes the characteristics and outcomes of 18 heavily pretreated patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who were subsequently treated with selinexor. This is a case series of 18 patients with MM who were treated with selinexor and dexamethasone (Sd) or selinexor, bortezomib, and dexamethasone (SVd) in 12 hospitals in the UK between 2019 and 2021. Eight patients received Sd and 10 patients received SVd.

Astrocytic neuroligin 3 regulates social memory and synaptic plasticity through adenosine signaling in male mice.

Social memory impairment is a key symptom of many brain disorders, but its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Neuroligins (NLGs) are a family of cell adhesion molecules essential for synapse development and function and their dysfunctions are linked to neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism and schizophrenia. Although NLGs are extensively studied in neurons, their role in glial cells is poorly understood.

Outcomes with single-agent gilteritinib for relapsed or refractory FLT3-mutant AML after contemporary induction therapy.

Gilteritinib is the current standard of care for relapsed or refractory fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-mutated acute myeloid leukemia in many countries, however outcomes for patients relapsing after contemporary first-line therapies (intensive chemotherapy with midostaurin, or nonintensive chemotherapy with venetoclax) are uncertain. Moreover, reported data on toxicity and health care resource use is limited. Here, we describe a large real-world cohort of 152 patients receiving single-agent gilteritinib in 38 UK hospitals.

Effects and mechanisms of harmine on ameliorating ethanol-induced memory impairment.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Peganum harmala L., a traditional Uyghur ethnic medicine widely used in China, is commonly used in the treatment of conditions such as hemiplegia, forgetfulness, cough, and asthma. Harmine and other β-carboline alkaloids, one of the main active ingredients in P.

LL37-mtDNA regulates viability, apoptosis, inflammation, and autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-treated RLE-6TN cells by targeting Hsp90aa1.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury is associated with lung epithelial cell injury. This study analyzed the role of the antimicrobial peptide LL37 with mitochondrial DNA (LL37-mtDNA) and its potential mechanism of action in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated rat type II alveolar epithelial cells (RLE-6TN cells). RLE-6TN cells were treated with LPS alone or with LL37-mtDNA, followed by transcriptome sequencing.

Metabolic profiling and pharmacokinetic studies of alkamides, a pair of cis-trans isomers N-isobutyl-2E,4E,8Z,10E/Z-dodecatetraenamide, from Asari Radix et Rhizoma by UHPLC-Q/TOF-MS and UHPLC-MS/MS.

Cis-trans isomers of N-isobutyl-2E,4E,8Z,10E-dodecatetraenamide (DDA-E) and N-isobutyl-2E,4E,8Z,10Z-dodecatetraenamide (DDA-Z) are representative alkamides with numbness of tongue, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Asari Radix et Rhizoma. However, their respective metabolic pathways and pharmacokinetic behaviors are still unknown. This study aim to investigate the metabolism of the two alkamides in vitro and in vivo using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple-time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Management and Clinical Outcomes of Neonatal Hypothermia in the Newborn Nursery.

Objectives: Neonatal hypothermia has been shown to be commonly detected among late preterm and term infants. In preterm and very low birth weight infants, hypothermia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Little is known about the clinical interventions and outcomes in hypothermic late preterm and term infants.

Surgical timing for asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy.

This report describes a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy who experienced severe respiratory distress and multiple complications after undergoing a corrective operation for a thoracic deformity. The optimal age for children with asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy to receive a corrective operation is between 6 and 12 years old. For children under 6 years old, the decision to undergo an operation should be carefully evaluated.

Effects of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid on the inflammatory response to experimental sleep restriction in healthy humans.

Background: Sleep deficiencies, such as manifested in short sleep duration or insomnia symptoms, are known to increase the risk for multiple disease conditions involving immunopathology. Inflammation is hypothesized to be a mechanism through which deficient sleep acts as a risk factor for these conditions. Thus, one potential way to mitigate negative health consequences associated with deficient sleep is to target inflammation.

Co-Transplantation-Based Human-Mouse Chimeric Brain Models to Study Human Glial-Glial and Glial-Neuronal Interactions.

Human-mouse chimeric brain models, generated by transplanting human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neural cells, are valuable for studying the development and function of human neural cells in vivo. Understanding glial-glial and glial-neuronal interactions is essential for unraveling the complexities of brain function and developing treatments for neurological disorders. To explore these interactions between human neural cells within an intact brain environment, we employe a co-transplantation strategy involving the engraftment of hiPSC-derived neural progenitor cells along with primitive macrophage progenitors into the neonatal mouse brain.

SNARE proteins: Core engines of membrane fusion in cancer.

Vesicles are loaded with a variety of cargoes, including membrane proteins, secreted proteins, signaling molecules, and various enzymes, etc. Not surprisingly, vesicle transport is essential for proper cellular life activities including growth, division, movement and cellular communication. Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) mediate membrane fusion of vesicles with their target compartments that is fundamental for cargo delivery.

Research on water content measurement method based on heat transfer method.

During the measurement of multiphase flow in low yield oil wells, the liquid volume will vary with the operating characteristics of the pumping unit. Using the pulsating characteristics of the up and down strokes of a pumping unit, the flow rate is measured when there is a flow rate on the up stroke, and the water content is measured when the fluid is stationary on the down stroke. In this paper, the heat transfer method is used to measure the water content of the oil water mixture during the down stroke process.