The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Acute Diabetes Complication by Care Delivery Settings.

Objective: This study evaluates whether gaining Medicaid following the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expansion led to changes in the rate of acute diabetes complications diagnosed in primary care settings, relative to in inpatient, emergency department (ED), or urgent care (UC) settings.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used Medicaid administrative claims data linked to electronic health records for 3767 patients, aged 19 to 64 years, who experienced acute preventable complications of diabetes between 2014 and 2019 diagnosed in inpatient, ED, UC, or primary care settings in the state of Oregon. These patients were classified as either continuously Medicaid-insured or having gained Medicaid.

Methods for modeling gestational weight gain: empirical application using electronic health record data from a safety net population.

Background: Understanding the risks and effects of gestational weight gain (GWG) is a prominent area of perinatal research but approaches for quantifying GWG are evolving and remain underdeveloped, especially in clinical settings for underserved demographic subgroups. To fill this gap, we demonstrated and compared six GWG metrics across pre-pregnancy BMI classifications: total GWG, trimester-specific linear rate of GWG, adherence to total and trimester-specific recommendations, area under the curve, and GWG for gestational age z-scores.

Methods: We used clinical data on 44,801 pregnant people from community-based health care organizations with extensive longitudinal measures and substantial representation of understudied subgroups.

Strong exciton-photon coupling in self-hybridized organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite microcavities.

Controlling coherent light-matter interactions in semiconductor microcavities is at the heart of the next-generation solid-state polaritonic devices. Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are potential materials for room-temperature polaritonics owing to their high exciton oscillator strengths and large exciton binding energies. Herein, we report on strong exciton-photon coupling in the micro-platelet and micro-ribbon shaped methylammonium lead bromide single crystals.

Trimester-specific rate of gestational weight loss or gain and birth size: differences by prepregnancy BMI.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of trimester-specific gestational weight gain (GWG) on small and large (compared with appropriate) for gestational age (i.e., SGA, LGA, and AGA) by prepregnancy BMI classifications.

Postresidency Practice Setting and Clinical Care Features According to 3 Versus 4 Years of Training in Family Medicine: A Length of Training Pilot Study.

Background And Objectives: Factors associated with physician practice choice include residency location, training experiences, and financial incentives. How length of training affects practice setting and clinical care features postgraduation is unknown.

Methods: In this Length of Training Pilot (LoTP) study, we surveyed 366 graduates of 3-year (3YR) and 434 graduates of 4-year (4YR) programs 1 year after completion of training between 2013 and 2021.

Association of neighbourhood walkability and haemoglobin A1c levels among Latino and non-Hispanic White patients with diabetes.

Background: Neighbourhood walkability can benefit cardiovascular health. Latino patients are more likely than non-Hispanic White patients to have diabetes, and evidence has shown better diabetes-related outcomes for patients living in neighbourhoods conducive to physical activity. Our objective was to determine whether neighbourhood walkability was associated with haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels among English- and Spanish-preferring Latino patients compared to non-Hispanic White patients.

Pregnancy health in a multi-state U.S. population of systemically underserved patients and their children: PROMISE cohort design and baseline characteristics.

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) is a routinely monitored aspect of pregnancy health, yet critical gaps remain about optimal GWG in pregnant people from socially marginalized groups, or with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) in the lower or upper extremes. The PROMISE study aims to determine overall and trimester-specific GWG associated with the lowest risk of adverse birth outcomes and detrimental infant and child growth in these underrepresented subgroups. This paper presents methods used to construct the PROMISE cohort using electronic health record data from a network of community-based healthcare organizations and characterize the cohort with respect to baseline characteristics, longitudinal data availability, and GWG.

A novel flood risk management approach based on future climate and land use change scenarios.

Climate change and increasing urbanization are two primary factors responsible for the increased risk of serious flooding around the world. The prediction and monitoring of the effects of land use/land cover (LULC) and climate change on flood risk are critical steps in the development of appropriate strategies to reduce potential damage. This study aimed to develop a new approach by combining machine learning (namely the XGBoost, CatBoost, LightGBM, and ExtraTree models) and hydraulic modeling to predict the effects of climate change and LULC change on land that is at risk of flooding.

Mental Health Care Use by Ethnicity and Preferred Language in a National Cohort of Community Health Center Patients.

Objective: Disparities in U.S. mental health care by race and ethnicity have long been documented.

An Efficient Green Approach to Constructing Adenine Sulfate-Derived Multicolor Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Codoped Carbon Dots and Their Bioimaging Applications.

A cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach is proposed for producing N- and S-codoped multicolor-emission carbon dots (N- and S-codoped MCDs) at a mild reaction temperature (150 °C) and relatively short time (3 h). In this process, adenine sulfate acts as a novel precursor and doping agent, effectively reacting with other reagents such as citric acid, -aminosalicylic acid, and -phenylenediamine, even during solvent-free pyrolysis. The distinctive structures of reagents lead to the increased amount of graphitic nitrogen and sulfur doping in the N- and S-codoped MCDs.

Soil salinity prediction using hybrid machine learning and remote sensing in Ben Tre province on Vietnam's Mekong River Delta.

Soil salinization is considered one of the disasters that have significant effects on agricultural activities in many parts of the world, particularly in the context of climate change and sea level rise. This problem has become increasingly essential and severe in the Mekong River Delta of Vietnam. Therefore, soil salinity monitoring and assessment are critical to building appropriate strategies to develop agricultural activities.

Answering calls for rigorous health equity research: a cross-sectional study leveraging electronic health records for data disaggregation in Latinos.

Introduction: Country of birth/nativity information may be crucial to understanding health equity in Latino populations and is routinely called for in health services literature assessing cardiovascular disease and risk, but is not thought to co-occur with longitudinal, objective health information such as that found in electronic health records (EHRs).

Methods: We used a multistate network of community health centres to describe the extent to which country of birth is recorded in EHRs in Latinos, and to describe demographic features and cardiovascular risk profiles by country of birth. We compared geographical/demographic/clinical characteristics, from 2012 to 2020 (9 years of data), of 914 495 Latinos recorded as US-born, non-US-born and without a country of birth recorded.

The Impact of the Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion on Acute Diabetes Complications Among Community Health Center Patients.

Objective: This study evaluates whether patients residing in expansion states have a greater increase in outpatient diagnoses of acute diabetes complications than those living in non-expansion states following the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study uses electronic health records (EHR) from 10,665 non-pregnant patients, aged 19 to 64 years old who were diagnosed with diabetes in 2012 or 2013 from 347 community health centers (CHCs) across 16 states (11 expansion and 5 non-expansion states). Patients included had ≥1 outpatient ambulatory visit in each of these periods: pre-ACA: 2012 to 2013, post-ACA: 2014 to 2016, and post-ACA: 2017 to 2019.

Resident Visit Productivity and Attitudes About Continuity According to 3 Versus 4 Years of Training in Family Medicine: A Length of Training Study.

Background And Objectives: Training models in the Length of Training Pilot (LOTP) vary. How innovations in training length affect patient visits and resident perceptions of continuity is unknown.

Methods: We analyzed resident in-person patient encounters (2013-2014 through 2018-2019) for each postgraduate year (PGY) and total visits at graduation derived from the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education reports for each LOTP program.

The Association Between Length of Training and Family Medicine Residents' Clinical Knowledge: A Report From the Length of Training Pilot Study.

Background And Objective: The associations between training length and clinical knowledge are unknown. We compared family medicine in-training examination (ITE) scores among residents who trained in 3- versus 4-year programs and to national averages over time.

Methods: In this prospective case-control study, we compared the ITE scores of 318 consenting residents in 3-year programs to 243 who completed 4 years of training between 2013 through 2019.

@AgNPs and @AgNPs: a comparative analysis for antibacterial application.

Although medicinal herbs contain many biologically active ingredients that can act as antibiotic agents, most of them are difficult to dissolve in lipids and absorb through biofilms in the gastrointestinal tract. Besides, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been widely used as a potential antibacterial agent, however, to achieve a bactericidal effect, high concentrations are required. In this work, AgNPs were combined into plant-based antibiotic nanoemulsions using biocompatible alginate/carboxyl methylcellulose scaffolds.

Expression of Is Up-regulated in Low-grade Glioma and Positively Correlated With Meningioma Grade.

Background: α-Enolase (ENO1) is a glycolytic enzyme involved in the Warburg effect which cancer cells utilize to satisfy their higher need for nutrients. Up-regulation of ENO1 has been detected in several tumor types, including melanoma and endometrial, gastric and colorectal cancer. In these tumors, ENO1 may function as prognostic marker.

Within-host evolutionary dynamics of seasonal and pandemic human influenza A viruses in young children.

The evolution of influenza viruses is fundamentally shaped by within-host processes. However, the within-host evolutionary dynamics of influenza viruses remain incompletely understood, in part because most studies have focused on infections in healthy adults based on single timepoint data. Here, we analyzed the within-host evolution of 82 longitudinally sampled individuals, mostly young children, infected with A/H1N1pdm09 or A/H3N2 viruses between 2007 and 2009.

Pairing in excited nuclei: a review.

The present review summarizes the recent studies on the thermodynamic properties of pairing in many-body systems including superconductors, metallic nanosized clusters and/or grains, solid-state materials, focusing on the excited nuclei, that is nuclei at finite temperature and/or angular momentum formed via heavy-ion fusion, [Formula: see text]-induced fusion reactions, or inelastic scattering of light particles on heavy targets. Because of the finiteness of the systems, several interesting effects of pairing such as nonvanishing pairing gap, smoothing of superfluid-normal phase transition, first and second order phase transitions, pairing reentrance, etc, will be discussed in detail. Influences of exact and approximate thermal pairing on some nuclear properties such as temperature-dependent width of the giant dipole resonance, total level density, and radiative strength function of the [Formula: see text]-rays emission will be also analyzed.

Flood inundation assessment for the Hanoi Central Area, Vietnam under historical and extreme rainfall conditions.

Flash floods have long been common in Asian cities, with recent increases in urbanization and extreme rainfall driving increasingly severe and frequent events. Floods in urban areas cause significant damage to infrastructure, communities and the environment. Numerical modelling of flood inundation offers detailed information necessary for managing flood risk in such contexts.

Anticyanobacterial phenolic constituents from the aerial parts of Eupatorium fortunei Turcz.

Four thymol derivatives and two phenolic compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Eupatorium fortunei. The new structures were elucidated to be 7,8,9-trihydroxythymol (1), and 8,10-didehydro-7,9-dihydroxythymol (2) by means of MS and NMR analysis. The known compounds were identified as 8,9,10-trihydroxythymol (3), 10-acetoxy-8,9-dihydroxythymol (4), o-coumaric acid (5) and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzaldehyde (6).

Highly enhanced visible light water splitting of CdS by green to blue upconversion.

This paper reports a new class of visible light water splitting photocatalysts based on a triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) upconversion (UC) process. The TTA-UC core composed of platinum-octaethyl-porphyrin (Pt(OEP)) and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) can upconvert low energy green light to high energy blue light with a high quantum yield. Using a silica nanocapsule (SNC), the quenching caused by oxygen can be avoided, even in aqueous solutions.