Dietary succinate supplementation alleviates DSS-induced colitis via the IL-4Rα/Hif-1α Axis.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains a pressing global health challenge, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Succinate, a metabolite known for its role in type 2 immunity and tuft cell activation in the small intestine, presents its potential in IBD management. However, its impact on colonic inflammation has not been explored.

Daily or Nondaily Vaping and Smoking Cessation Among Smokers.

Importance: An important public health goal is to increase tobacco cessation, but there is limited research on associations of vaping with tobacco cessation.

Objective: To estimate the association of vaping with long-term tobacco cessation among US cigarette smokers who used electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; ie, e-cigarettes) in 2017.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study used a nationally representative sample of US cigarette smokers from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health cohort at wave 4 (2017) with follow-up at wave 6 (2021).

STAR: A First-Ever Dataset and A Large-Scale Benchmark for Scene Graph Generation in Large-Size Satellite Imagery.

Scene graph generation (SGG) in satellite imagery (SAI) benefits promoting understanding of geospatial scenarios from perception to cognition. In SAI, objects exhibit great variations in scales and aspect ratios, and there exist rich relationships between objects (even between spatially disjoint objects), which makes it attractive to holistically conduct SGG in large-size very-high-resolution (VHR) SAI. However, there lack such SGG datasets.

Optimizing Solid-Phase Protein Synthesis Using CPG-2000 and a Nickel-Cleavable SNAC-tag Linker.

Solid-phase chemical ligation (SPCL) is a powerful method for simplifying protein synthesis but faces challenges with orthogonal protection strategies, suboptimal solid supports, and limited cleavable linkers. In this study, we optimized SPCL by combining low-loading controlled-pore glass (CPG-2000) with a nickel-cleavable SNAC-tag linker. This system enabled the successful assembly of five peptide fragments and the efficient synthesis of a 131-amino-acid de novo protein, achieving a 25% yield.

Synovial sarcoma: A radiologic case report.

Synovial sarcoma is a common but aggressive subset of sarcomatous tumors that often arises adjacent to the large joints of extremities. We present a case of a 33-year-old male with no medical history and an initial complaint of right leg pain. On further radiological and pathological investigation, he was diagnosed with synovial sarcoma in the medial soft tissues of his thigh.

Efficacy and safety of nasal high-frequency oscillation in preventing intubation in very-low-birth-weight infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

Background: Invasive mechanical ventilation in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWI) was associated with immediate and long-term complications. Nasal high-frequency oscillation (nHFO) has recently become a new non-invasive ventilation (NIV) mode for treating respiratory failure in VLBWI. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of nHFO as an alternative respiratory support to prevent intubation in VLBWI.

A rare case of acute respiratory distress syndrome due to chlorine gas inhalation: Rapid progression with favorable ICU outcome.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to chlorine gas inhalation is a rare yet critical condition that can lead to severe respiratory failure if not managed promptly. This case report presents a 43-year-old male who developed ARDS after accidental exposure to chlorine gas during pool maintenance. The patient's condition deteriorated rapidly, with symptoms progressing to acute pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia, requiring immediate transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Degradation of myosmine by a novel bacterial strain Sphingopyxis sp. J-6 and its degradation pathways.

This study isolated a myosmine-degrading bacterial strain J-6 from tobacco-growing soil. The identification of this strain revealed it to be a new species within the genus Sphingopyxis. Analysis of the myosmine degradation products by HPLC, preparative HPLC, and UHPLC-MS/MS identified 8 metabolites, among which 3-pyridylacetic acid (3-PAA), 5-(3-pyridyl)tetrahydrofuranone-2 (PTHF), and 4-hydroxy-4-(3-pyridyl)butanoic acid (HPBA) were three novel metabolites that were not previously found in microbial degradation of tobacco alkaloids.

Unilateral Duplication of the Internal Auditory Canal: Stenosis and Incomplete Transverse Megacrest in a Pediatric Patient.

Based on the available literature, duplicated internal auditory canals (DIACs) represent an exceedingly rare temporal bone anomaly that can result in sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in the pediatric population. Often associated with a hypoplastic or aplastic cochlear nerve, DIAC poses limitations on treatment options, such as cochlear implants, for affected patients. Accurate diagnosis and optimal management necessitate a thorough assessment of inner ear structures and potential neural abnormalities with high-resolution computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the temporal bones.

Capture and Diffusion of Hydrogen in Tantalum and Copper with Vacancy Defects: A First-Principles Study.

Oxygen-free copper is utilized in nuclear processing heaters; however, it exhibits poor resistance to hydrogen radiation corrosion. A tantalum-copper diffusion layer with high vacancy concentration was prepared on the copper surface. This layer demonstrates superior hydrogen trapping and diffusion resistance compared to pure tantalum, though the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

Metabolomics Characterization of Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Highland Barley Monascus Tea Decoction Before and After Simulated Digestion In Vitro.

A broadly targeted metabolomics approach based on UPLC-MS/MS was employed to investigate the changes in chemical composition and in vitro activity of highland barley Monascus tea decoction before and after simulated digestion. The characteristic metabolites of the tea decoction before and after in vitro-simulated digestion were identified, and the in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities of the tea decoction were further analyzed. The study detected 1431 metabolites, including amino acids and their derivatives, alkaloids, organic acids, nucleotides and their derivatives, lipids, terpenoids, and phenolic acids.

Research on the Method of Depth-Sensing Optical System Based on Multi-Layer Interface Reflection.

In this paper, a depth-sensing method employing active irradiation of a semi-annular beam is proposed for observing the multi-layered reflective surfaces of transparent samples with higher resolutions and lower interference. To obtain the focusing resolution of the semi-annular aperture diaphragm system, a model for computing the diffracted optical energy distribution of an asymmetric aperture diaphragm is constructed, and mathematical formulas are deduced for determining the system resolution based on the position of the first dark ring of the amplitude distribution. Optical simulations were performed under specific conditions; the lateral resolution δr of the depth-sensing system was determined to be 0.

Enriched environment may improve secondary brain injury after traumatic brain injury by regulating the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause damage to the blood-brain barrier, resulting in neuroinflammatory reactions and brain edema that seriously affect the recovery of neurological function. We hypothesize that an enriched environment (EE) regulates the TLR2/NF-κB signaling pathway and thereby modulates the integrity of the blood-brain barrier to achieve neuroprotective effects.

Objective: This study evaluated the expression of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 after TBI in a rat model, with the aim of determining whether TLR2/NF-κB improves secondary brain injury by inhibiting the release of inflammatory factors and reducing brain edema.

Effect of four highland barley proteins on the retrogradation and digestion properties of highland barley starch.

This study evaluated the effects of four highland barley proteins (HBPs), namely albumin, globulin, gliadin and glutenin, on the retrogradation and digestion properties of highland barley starch (HBS). The results showed globulin had the most significant effect on inhibiting short-term retrogradation of HBS, which was reflected in the reduction of G' and G". Compare with HBS, four HBPs could significantly inhibit long-term recrystallization process.

Vascular lesions: Hemangioma or venous malformation?

We present a case of a 62-year-old female who was incidentally found to have a venous malformation. Venous malformations are part of a larger category of slow flow vascular malformations and are associated with various familial syndromes and localized intravascular coagulation. Venous malformations were often misdiagnosed as hemangiomas; however, the treatment modalities of vascular malformations and hemangiomas vary significantly.

Full van der Waals Ambipolar Ferroelectric Configurable Optical Hetero-Synapses for In-Sensor Computing.

The rapid development of visual neuromorphic hardware can be attributed to their ability to capture, store and process optical signals from the environment. The main limitation of existing visual neuromorphic hardware is that the realization of complex functions is premised on the increase of manufacturing cost, hardware volume and energy consumption. In this study, we demonstrated an optical synaptic device based on a three-terminal van der Waals (vdW) heterojunction that can realize the sensing functions of light wavelength and intensity as well as short-term and long-term synaptic plasticity.

Exogenous hydrogen sulfide increased Nicotiana tabacum L. resistance against drought by the improved photosynthesis and antioxidant system.

Drought stress is an abiotic stressor that impacts photosynthesis, plant growth, and development, leading to decreased crop yields. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an exogenous additive, has demonstrated potential regulatory effects on plant responses to polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress in tobacco seedlings. Compared to the control, drought stress induced by 15 g/L PEG-6000 significantly reduced several parameters in tobacco seedlings: shoot dry weight (22.

Extreme Temperatures Reduce Copepod Performance and Change the Relative Abundance of Internal Microbiota.

Copepods are one of the most abundant invertebrate groups in the seas and oceans and are a significant food source for marine animals. Copepods are also particularly sensitive to elevated temperatures. However, it is relatively unknown how the internal microbiome influences copepod susceptibility to warming.

Myelin Sheath-Inspired Hydrogel Electrode for Artificial Skin and Physiological Monitoring.

Significant advancements in hydrogel-based epidermal electrodes have been made in recent years. However, inherent limitations, such as adaptability, adhesion, and conductivity, have presented challenges, thereby limiting the sensitivity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and stability of the physiological-electrode interface. In this study, we propose the concept of myelin sheath-inspired hydrogel epidermal electronics by incorporating numerous interpenetrating core-sheath-structured conductive nanofibers within a physically cross-linked polyelectrolyte network.

Progressive Learning With Cross-Window Consistency for Semi-Supervised Semantic Segmentation.

Semi-supervised semantic segmentation focuses on the exploration of a small amount of labeled data and a large amount of unlabeled data, which is more in line with the demands of real-world image understanding applications. However, it is still hindered by the inability to fully and effectively leverage unlabeled images. In this paper, we reveal that cross-window consistency (CWC) is helpful in comprehensively extracting auxiliary supervision from unlabeled data.

Patient With a Diffuse Large B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in the Right Heart Chamber That Caused Cardiogenic Shock Was Well-Responded to Corticosteroids and Chemotherapy.

Heart tumors are sporadic. Secondary heart tumors are 30 times more common than primary ones. Depending on the location and origin of the tumor, clinical pictures vary from asymptomatic to severe manifestations such as arrhythmia, heart failure, pericardial effusion, and cardiogenic shock.

Zfp106 binds to G-quadruplex RNAs and inhibits RAN translation and formation of RNA foci caused by G4C2 repeats.

Expansion of intronic GGGGCC repeats in the gene causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia. Transcription of the expanded repeats results in the formation of RNA-containing nuclear foci and altered RNA metabolism. In addition, repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation of the expanded GGGGCC-repeat sequence results in the production of highly toxic dipeptide-repeat (DPR) proteins.

Up-regulation of BMAL1 by epigallocatechin-3-gallate improves neurological damage in SBI rats.

Brain Muscle ARNT-Like Protein 1 (BMAL1) suppresses oxidative stress in brain injury during surgery. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a monomer in green tea, has been identified as an antioxidant and a potential agonist for BMAL1. In this work, the mechanism by which BMAL1 is regulated was investigated, as well as the therapeutic effect of EGCG on surgically injured rats.