Improving hydrological modeling to close the gap between elevated CO concentration and crop response: Implications for water resources.

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations ([CO]) affect crop growth and the associated hydrological cycle through physiological forcing, which is mainly regulated by reducing stomatal conductance (g) and increasing leaf area index (LAI). However, reduced g and increased LAI can affect crop water consumption, and the overall effects need to be quantified under elevated [CO]. Here we develop a SWAT-g-LAI model by incorporating a nonlinear g-CO equation and a missing LAI-CO relationship to investigate the responses of water consumption of grain maize, maize yield, and losses of water and soil to elevated [CO] in the Upper Mississippi River Basin (UMRB; 492,000 km).

Linking the assessment of ecological engineering construction with zoning management in the typical agro-pastoral area of China: A perspective from quantity, quality and function.

Combatting land damage has become a global priority, and China has adopted a series of ecological engineering measures, especially in the agro-pastoral area with fragile ecological environment. The effectiveness of ecological engineering construction (EEC), from a comprehensive recognition encompassing its quality, quantity, and function, has remained largely unknown. To this end, Zhangbei County, a typical agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, was chosen as our focal area.

Development and validation of an automatic machine learning model to predict abnormal increase of transaminase in valproic acid-treated epilepsy.

Valproic acid (VPA) is a primary medication for epilepsy, yet its hepatotoxicity consistently raises concerns among individuals. This study aims to establish an automated machine learning (autoML) model for forecasting the risk of abnormal increase of transaminase levels while undergoing VPA therapy for 1995 epilepsy patients. The study employed the two-tailed T test, Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression analysis, selecting six clinical parameters, including age, stature, leukocyte count, Total Bilirubin, oral dosage of VPA, and VPA concentration.

CHEK2 deficiency increase the response to PD-1 inhibitors by affecting the tumor immune microenvironment.

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has improved treatment effects in multiple cancers. Gene mutations in the DNA damage repair pathway (DDR) may cause genomic instability and may relate to the efficacy of ICB. Checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) and polymerase epsilon (POLE) are important genes in the DDR.

An Adversarial Time-Frequency Reconstruction Network for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection.

Detecting anomalies in massive volumes of multivariate time series data, particularly in the IoT domain, is critical for maintaining stable systems. Existing anomaly detection models based on reconstruction techniques face challenges in distinguishing normal and abnormal samples from unlabeled data, leading to performance degradation. Moreover, accurately reconstructing abnormal values and pinpointing anomalies remains a limitation.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Abrogates Intestinal Toxicity and Promotes Tumor Immunity to Increase the Efficacy of Dual CTLA4 and PD-1 Checkpoint Blockade.

Unlabelled: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionized cancer therapy; however, their application is limited by the occurrence of immune-related adverse events. The gut microbiota plays important roles in the response to and toxicity of immunotherapy and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F. prausnitzii) has been shown to possess immunomodulatory potential.

Assessment of the sustainability of groundwater utilization and crop production under optimized irrigation strategies in the North China Plain under future climate change.

Over-exploitation of groundwater due to intensive irrigation and anticipated climate change pose severe threats to the water and food security worldwide, particularly in the North China Plain (NCP). Limited irrigation has been recognized as an effective way to improve crop water productivity and slow the rapid decline of groundwater levels. Whether optimized limited irrigation strategies could achieve a balance between groundwater pumping and grain production in the NCP under future climate change deserves further study.

Injection of Viscous Micro-Droplet via Nozzle-Driven Piezoelectric Micro-Jet and Its Performance Control Method.

The inkjet printing technology based on piezoelectric micro-jets can effectively realize the efficient and high-precision processing of special-shaped structures. In this work, a nozzle-driven piezoelectric micro-jet device is proposed, and its structure and micro-jet process are described. ANSYS two-phase, two-way fluid-structure coupling simulation analysis is carried out, and the mechanism of the piezoelectric micro-jet is described in detail.

Metformin Reprograms Tryptophan Metabolism to Stimulate CD8+ T-cell Function in Colorectal Cancer.

Unlabelled: Colorectal carcinogenesis coincides with immune cell dysfunction. Metformin has been reported to play a role in stimulating antitumor immunity, suggesting it could be used to overcome immunosuppression in colorectal cancer. Herein, using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we showed that metformin remodels the immune landscape of colorectal cancer.

Throughput Maximization Using Deep Complex Networks for Industrial Internet of Things.

The high-density Industrial Internet of Things needs to meet the requirements of high-density device access and massive data transmission, which requires the support of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna cognitive systems to keep high throughput. In such a system, spectral efficiency (SE) optimization based on dynamic power allocation is an effective way to enhance the network throughput as the channel quality variations significantly affect the spectral efficiency performance. Deep learning methods have illustrated the ability to efficiently solve the non-convexity of resource allocation problems induced by the channel multi-path and inter-user interference effects.

DOT1L affects colorectal carcinogenesis via altering T cell subsets and oncogenic pathway.

Chronic inflammation and oncogenic pathway activation are key-contributing factors in colorectal cancer pathogenesis. However, colorectal intrinsic mechanisms linking these two factors in cancer development are poorly defined. Here, we show that intestinal epithelial cell (IEC)-specific deletion of histone methyltransferase ( ) reduced H3K79 dimethylation (H3K79me2) in IECs and inhibited intestinal tumor formation in - and AOM-DSS-induced colorectal cancer models.

Germline mutations in a DNA repair pathway are associated with familial colorectal cancer.

Aiming to identify rare high-penetrance mutations in new genes for the underlying predisposition in familial colorectal cancer (CRC), we performed whole-exome sequencing in 24 familial CRCs. Mutations in genes that regulate DNA repair (RMI1, PALB2, FANCI) were identified that were related to the Fanconi anemia DNA repair pathway. In one pedigree, we found a nonsense mutation in CHEK2.

Rapid diagnosis of agricultural soil health: A novel soil health index based on natural soil productivity and human management.

It has become increasingly important to consider its productivity for agricultural soil health assessment. Moreover, one of the main challenges is that there are still few studies on addressing the complex dynamics of soil health assessment by the rapid and cross-regional method. Thus, we proposed a novel conceptual model to evaluate agricultural soil health in order to highlight the synergy and interaction of natural soil productivity and its external inputs; besides, the new proposed soil health index (SHI) can be used to rapidly quantify their influences of soil productivity on soil health assessment, based on the 10-day normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) time series data.

Enterotoxigenic induces the stemness in colorectal cancer via upregulating histone demethylase JMJD2B.

The enrichment of Enterotoxigenic (ETBF) has been identified in CRC patients and associated with worse prognosis. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play essential roles in CRC development. However, whether ETBF is involved in CSCs regulation is unknown.

Epidemiology and clinical course of COVID-19 in Shanghai, China.

Novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is prevalent around the world. We aimed to describe epidemiological features and clinical course in Shanghai. We retrospectively analysed 325 cases admitted at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, between January 20 and February 29, 2020.

The Coexistence of Colorectal Polyps in the Right Colon Increases the Malignant Risk of Laterally Spreading Tumors.

Background: The coexistence of colorectal polyps with laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) is commonly observed during colonoscopy. However, there are rare studies that assess the malignant risks for LSTs with colorectal polyps, which might largely contribute to further strategies of treatment and follow-up plans in LSTs.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that enrolled 206 patients with LSTs in the Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.

Influence of the microbiota on epigenetics in colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignancies and is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Generally, there are three categories of colorectal cancer development mechanism-genetic, epigenetic and aberrant immunological signaling pathways-all of which may be initiated by an imbalanced gut microbiota. Epigenetic modifications enable host cells to change gene expression without modifying the gene sequence.

A 16q22.1 variant confers susceptibility to colorectal cancer as a distal regulator of ZFP90.

Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) implicate 16q22.1 locus in risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying oncogenic mechanisms remain unknown.

Long noncoding RNA BFAL1 mediates enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-related carcinogenesis in colorectal cancer via the RHEB/mTOR pathway.

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to many steps in carcinogenesis and often serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for tumor diagnosis and therapy. Although the role of lncRNAs in tumor formation is becoming clear, whether lncRNAs mediate gut microbiota-induced colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is a well-known tumor-inducing bacterium in the human gut; however, its tumorigenic effect remains to be explored.

Satellite-Based Detection and Characterization of Industrial Heat Sources in China.

Despite their important contribution to the economic domain, active heat-releasing industrial plants have significant implications for human health and climate change. However, a spatially detailed dataset of various heat-releasing industrial sectors and large-scale characterization of heat emissions from industrial sources have not been reported yet. In this study, a dataset of heat-releasing industries was established using a national detection map of thermal anomalies produced by a novel and more accurate method employing daily nighttime visible infrared imaging radiometer suite thermal infrared images corresponding to 1 year.

Electrochemical immunosensors with AuPt-vertical graphene/glassy carbon electrode for alpha-fetoprotein detection based on label-free and sandwich-type strategies.

We proposed label-free and sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensors for the quantification of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), which plays a critical role in the early diagnosis of primary liver cancer. Both detection strategies involved monitoring of the electrochemical response current of the AuPt-vertical graphene (VG)/glassy carbon electrode (GCE) for the oxidation of the redox probe, methyl orange. AuPt nanoparticles, which have good biocompatibility and excellent conductivity, were used to immobilize the primary antibody, Ab, while VG sheets helped accelerate electron transfer at the liquid-solid and solid-solid interfaces.